Introduction to the Reproductive System Flashcards
What is the male gamete + where is is produced?
Male gamete: spermatozoa
Produced by gonads - male=testes
What is the female gamete + where is is produced?
Female gamete: oocyte or ovum
produced by gonads - female=ovaries
What is produced during fertilisation + how?
during fertilisation a diploid cell (zygote) is produced
normal fertilisation:
ovum from ovary to ampulla of uterine tube
many spermatozoa from testis to vagina
Describe the anatomy of the Pelvic Cavity…
- Lies within the bony pelvis, between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet
- Continuous with abdominal cavity
Describe the anatomy of the Pelvic Floor + Opening…
- Pelvic floor: internal wall of skeletal muscle that separates the pelvic cavity and the perineum
- Openings in pelvic floor: allows distal alimentary, reproductive and renal tracts to pass through
Describe the anatomy of the Perineum…
Perineum: inferior to pelvic floor, situated between the proximal parts of lower limbs
Describe the anatomy of the Pelvic Roof…
Pelvic roof: formed by parietal peritoneum (lining of abdominal cavity)
What is the Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)?
- Double folding of the peritoneum between the rectum and the posterior wall of the uterus
- Most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity in an upright female patient (If any excess fluid is present it will collect in this pouch such as pus. Can be drained from here)
What is the Vesico-uterine pouch?
Vesico-uterine pouch:
- Double folding of peritoneum between the anterior surface of the uterus and the bladder
Describe the surface anatomy of Female Perineum
Describe the female reproductive system
organ, accessory, 3 uterine wall layers
- Female reproductive organs
ovaries - Accessory reproductive organs
uterine tubes, uterus and vagina - Body of uterus wall has 3 layers:
-perimetrium
-myometrium
-endometrium
Describe the 2 most common postions of the uterus
- Anteverted - cervix tipped anteriorly relative to axis of vagina
- Anteflexed - uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix
What are ovaries?
shape, location, development position, secretion
- Almond sized and shaped located laterally in pelvic cavity
- develop on posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis
- secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary hormones
Name and Identify the Arteries of Female Pelvis
Describe the process of Ovulation + Menstruation
- Fertilisation usually occurs in the ampulla
- Implantation occurs in the body of the uterus
Ovulation + Menstruation:
1. Ova released from ovaries into peritoneal cavity
2. Ovum gathered by fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tube
3. Ovum moved along uterine tube by cilia until it reaches the uterus
4. During menstruation, an unfertilized ovum is expelled by contractions of the myometrium
What is an Ectopic pregnancy?
and potential dangers
- fertilized ovum implants outside of the uterine cavity.
- 97% are tubal pregnancy
- abdominal pregnancy also possible
- danger of haemorrhage
How is a female sterilisted?
Tubal ligation:
* both uterine tubes
* clipped, cut or cauterised
* blocks the lumen
Describe the Surface anatomy of the male perineum
Describe the developement of the testes:
- during development the testis orginate on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
- by birth, they have descende into the scrotum, through the anterior abdominal wall (inguinal canal)
- the tube that sperm pass through follows the testis into the scrotum, the vas (vas deferens)
- the vas connects testis to (almost) the urethra
Describe spermatogenesis
where, conditions, number, maturation, pathway
Sperm produced in seminiferous tubules:
- Conditions: 1degrees below core body temp, dartos muscle helps control temp.
- 1500 produced per second
- 64 days for a sperm to mature
Pathway:
- Sperm pass to the rete testis
- Then into head of epididymis
- epididymis becomes vas deferens
What does the spermatic cord contain?
3
- vas deferens
- testicular artery
- pampiniform plexus of veins
What is torsion of the testis?
- twisting of spermatic cord
- disrupts blood supply
- severe pain
- danger of testicular necrosis
Describe the male reproductive system
- Male reproductive organ: Testes
- Accessory reproductive organs - vas deferens, prostate gland, penis
- 3 cylinders of erectile tissue become filled with blood at arterial pressure during erection
Describe the pathway of ejaculation
- Sperm pass from the testes via the vas deferens (part of the spermatic cord)
- Each spermatic cord passes through the anterior abdominal wall to reach the pelvic cavity
- Each vas deferens connects with the duct from a seminal gland - ejaculatory duct
- Right and left ejaculatory ducts join together within the prostate and drain into urethra
- Urethra opens at the external urethral meatus of the penis
How is a male sterilisted?
Vasectomy:
the vas deferens is transected & its lumen sutured closed
SEVEn UP- ejaculation pathway of sperm
Seminiferous tubules,
Epididymis,
Vas deferens,
Ejaculatory ducts,
nothing,
Urethra
Penis