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Anatomy > Introduction to Clinical Language > Flashcards

Introduction to Clinical Language Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior and posterior

A
  • Anterior: nearer to the front of the body
  • Posterior: nearer to the back of the body
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2
Q

Medial and lateral

A
  • Medial: nearer to the midline
  • Lateral: further from the midline
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3
Q

Superior/cranial and inferior/caudal

A
  • Superior/cranial: nearer to the top of the head
  • Inferior/caudal: nearer to the soles of the feet
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4
Q

Proximal and distal

A
  • Proximal: nearer to the attachment of the limb from the body
  • Distal: further from the attachment of the limb to the body
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5
Q

Superficial and deep

A
  • Superficial: nearer to the surface of the body
  • Deep: further from the surface of the body
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6
Q

External or internal

A
  • External: further from the centre of body/organ
  • Internal: nearer to the centre of the body/organ
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7
Q

Major and minor

A

Relatively larger and smaller structures with the same names

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8
Q

Terms of laterality

Unilateral

A

structure normally found on one side of body

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9
Q

Terms of laterality

Bilateral

A

normally paired structures; a right and a left

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10
Q

Terms of laterality

Midline

A

single structure located at/near midline

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11
Q

Terms of laterality

Ipsilateral

A

structure lies on the same side of the body as the other structure/location it is being compared to

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12
Q

Terms of laterality

Contralateral

A

structure lies on the opposite side of the body as the other structure/location it is being compared to

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13
Q

Terms of movement

Flexion and Extension

A
  • Flexion: decreasing the angle between the bones at a joint
  • Extension: increasing the angle between the bones at a joint
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14
Q

Terms of movement

Abduction and Adduction

A
  • Abduction: movement away from the median plane
  • Adduction: movement towards the median plane
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15
Q

Terms of movement

Internal (medial) rotation and External (lateral) rotation

A
  • Internal (medial) rotation: anterior surface of a limb rotates towards the median plane
  • External (lateral) rotation: anterior surface of a limb rotates away from the median plane
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16
Q

Terms of movement

Circumduction

A

Circumduction: circular movement at a joint

17
Q

Anatomical planes

Sagittal plane

A

a vertical line which divides the body into a left section and a right section

18
Q

Anatomical planes

Coronal plane

A

a vertical line which divides the body into a front (anterior) section and back (posterior) section

19
Q

Anatomical planes

Transverse plane

A

a horizontal line which divides the body into an upper (superior) section and a lower (inferior) section

20
Q

Specific terms of movement:
Ankle

A
  • Dorsiflexion: dorsal surface of the foot moves superiorly
  • Plantar flexion: plantar surface of the foot moves inferiorly
21
Q

Specific terms of movement:
Foot

A
  • Eversion: sole of the foot rotates away from the median plane such that the sole faces laterally
  • Inversion: sole of the foot rotates towards the median plane so that the sole faces medially
22
Q

Specific terms of movement:
Forearm

A
  • Pronation: anterior surface of the forearm rotates such that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly (internal rotation)
  • Supination: forearm rotates from the pronated position back into the anatomical position
  • Semi-prone: the position of the hand and forearm halfway between the supine and prone positions
23
Q

Lateral flexion of spine

A

movement of spine to side (right or left)

24
Q

Elevation and Depression of shoulders

A

Elevation (superior movement) and depression (inferior movement) of the shoulders

25
Q

Protraction and Retraction

A

Protraction (anterior movement) and retraction (posterior movement) of the jaw/shoulders

26
Q

label

left to right

A

abduction (taking thumb anteriorly away from palm)
adduction (“adding” thumb back to palm after abduction)
extension (taking thumb laterally away from palm)
flexion (folding thumb across palm)
opposition of thumb with digits
reposition of thumb after opposition with digits

27
Q

Dorsal Surfaces

A
  • posterior surface of wrist,
  • posterior surface of hand
  • superior surface of tongue
  • superior surface of foot
28
Q

volar

A

anterior surface of wrist

29
Q

palmar

A

anterior surface of hand

30
Q

ventral

A

inferior surface of tongue

31
Q

plantar

A

inferior surface of foot

32
Q

Name and identify the following planes

A

Anatomy (8 decks)

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