Bones Bones Bones Flashcards
Development of bone (endochondral ossification)
process in which an initial small, hyaline cartilage version grows and turns into bone (ossifies)
at each end, each bone has:
an epiphysis
an epiphyseal growth plate
Metaphysis
Diaphysis is found between the two ends (the shaft)
when the growth plate of hyaline cartilage finally ossifies, bone growth ceases
Structure of bone
outer cortex
dense, strong, heavy
COMPACT (cortical) bone
inner medulla
more porous, weaker, lighter
SPONGY (trabecullar/cancellous) bone
the medulla may contain bone marrow:
in some bones, the marrow is the site of red & white blood cell production
What are the 3 spaces inside the skull?
anterior cranial fossa
middle cranial fossa
posterior cranial fossa
What are the holes in the skull called and for?
foraminae
for cranial nerves & the brain’s blood vessels to pass into/out of the cranial cavity
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton:
What are the bones of the facial skeleton called?
viscerocranium
What are the bones of the cranial vault called?
neurocranium
Label:
left lateral view
label
posterior view
label
label The Bones of the Facial Skeleton
Describe the makeup af the 33 vertebre
7 cervical
C1-C7
12 thoracic
T1-T12
5 lumbar
L1-L5
5 sacral
(fused to form 1 sacrum)
4 coccygeal
(fused to form 1 coccyx)
Describe the Curvatures of vertebral column
Label the features & functions of a typical vertebra
Name C1 and how to identify it?
Atlas
does not have a body or spinous process
it has a posterior arch and an anterior arch instead
Name C2 and how to identify it?
Axis
has an odontoid process
projects superiorly from body
Describe the 12 pairs of ribs
True Ribs 1-7(attach via their costal cartilag to the sternum)
False Ribs 8-10(attach via the costal cartilage above to the sternum)
Floating Ribs 11 & 12(no attachment to sternum)
Why is rib 1 less likely to fracture?
rib 1 is protected by the clavicle
What 4 bones make up the pectoral girdle?
the 2 scapulae, 2 clavicles
What 3 bones make up the pelvic girdle?
the 2 hip bones & the sacrum
Bones of the upper limb
1 long bone in the arm: the humerus
2 long bones in the forearm: radius and ulna
hand: carpal bones (wrist), metacarpals (palm) & phalanges (fingers)
Bones of the lower limb
1 long bone in the thigh: femur
2 long bones in the leg: tibia and fibula
foot: tarsal bones (hindfoot/midfoot), metatarsals (forefoot) & phalanges (forefoot-toes)
Name 4 Functions of bones
- Support & protection of the body organs
- Calcium metabolism
- Red blood cell formation
- Attachment for skeletal muscles
Name and Identify the features of the ribcage
Name and Identify the features of the neck
