Bones Bones Bones

Question 1

Development of bone (endochondral ossification)

Answer 1

process in which an initial small, hyaline cartilage version grows and turns into bone (ossifies)
at each end, each bone has:
an epiphysis
an epiphyseal growth plate
Metaphysis
Diaphysis is found between the two ends (the shaft)

when the growth plate of hyaline cartilage finally ossifies, bone growth ceases

Question 2

Structure of bone

Answer 2

outer cortex
dense, strong, heavy
COMPACT (cortical) bone

inner medulla
more porous, weaker, lighter
SPONGY (trabecullar/cancellous) bone

the medulla may contain bone marrow:
in some bones, the marrow is the site of red & white blood cell production

Question 3

What are the 3 spaces inside the skull?

Answer 3

anterior cranial fossa
middle cranial fossa
posterior cranial fossa

Question 4

What are the holes in the skull called and for?

Answer 4

foraminae
for cranial nerves & the brain’s blood vessels to pass into/out of the cranial cavity

Question 5

Axial Skeleton

Answer 5

Question 6

Appendicular Skeleton:

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the bones of the facial skeleton called?

Answer 7

viscerocranium

Question 8

What are the bones of the cranial vault called?

Answer 8

neurocranium

Question 9

Label:

left lateral view

Answer 9

Question 10

label

posterior view

Answer 10

Question 11

label

Answer 11

Question 12

label The Bones of the Facial Skeleton

Answer 12

Question 13

Describe the makeup af the 33 vertebre

Answer 13

7 cervical
C1-C7
12 thoracic
T1-T12
5 lumbar
L1-L5
5 sacral
(fused to form 1 sacrum)
4 coccygeal
(fused to form 1 coccyx)

Question 14

Describe the Curvatures of vertebral column

Answer 14

Question 15

Label the features & functions of a typical vertebra

Answer 15

Question 16

Name C1 and how to identify it?

Answer 16

Atlas
does not have a body or spinous process
it has a posterior arch and an anterior arch instead

Question 17

Name C2 and how to identify it?

Answer 17

Axis
has an odontoid process
projects superiorly from body

Question 18

Describe the 12 pairs of ribs

Answer 18

True Ribs 1-7(attach via their costal cartilag to the sternum)
False Ribs 8-10(attach via the costal cartilage above to the sternum)
Floating Ribs 11 & 12(no attachment to sternum)

Question 19

Why is rib 1 less likely to fracture?

Answer 19

rib 1 is protected by the clavicle

Question 20

What 4 bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 20

the 2 scapulae, 2 clavicles

Question 21

What 3 bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 21

the 2 hip bones & the sacrum

Question 22

Bones of the upper limb

Answer 22

1 long bone in the arm: the humerus
2 long bones in the forearm: radius and ulna
hand: carpal bones (wrist), metacarpals (palm) & phalanges (fingers)

Question 23

Bones of the lower limb

Answer 23

1 long bone in the thigh: femur
2 long bones in the leg: tibia and fibula
foot: tarsal bones (hindfoot/midfoot), metatarsals (forefoot) & phalanges (forefoot-toes)

Question 24

Name 4 Functions of bones

Answer 24

• Support & protection of the body organs
• Calcium metabolism
• Red blood cell formation
• Attachment for skeletal muscles

Question 25

Name and Identify the features of the ribcage

Answer 25

Question 26

Name and Identify the features of the neck

Answer 26