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Applied Anatomic Pathology > Introduction to the Lab > Flashcards

Introduction to the Lab Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pre-analytic phase

A

specimen collection and accessioning

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2
Q

what is the analytic phase

A

grossing, processing, embedding, cutting, staining, cover slipping, and case assembly

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3
Q

what is the post analytic phase

A

pathologist sign out

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4
Q

what are the two questions that need to be answered during accessioning

A

what is it and where is it from

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5
Q

what is an SDS

A

safety data sheet

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6
Q

what is a GHS

A

globally harmonized system
classification and labeling of chemicals

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7
Q

explain the four squares of the hazard identification system safety diamond

A

top point: fire hazard information
right point: reactivity information
bottom point: specific hazard information
left point: health hazard information

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8
Q

what is the permissible exposure limit for formaldehyde in the workplace (long term)

A

0.75 ppm over 8 hours

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9
Q

what is the permissible exposure limit for formaldehyde in the workplace (short term)

A

2 ppm over a 15 minute period

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10
Q

what is the action level (standard trigger for increased monitoring) of formaldehyde monitoring

A

0.5 ppm over 8 hours

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11
Q

what percentage of formaldehyde is formalin by weight

A

37% (3.7 for 10% buffered formalin)

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12
Q

what is the minimum amount of PPE

A

gloves, aprons, and eye protection

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13
Q

what are some examples of non-ionizing radiation (low frequency)

A

powerlines, microwaves, remote controls, cell phones

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14
Q

what is the most common type of ionizing radiation (high frequency) we will be affected by

A

beta - lighter negatively charger electrons

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15
Q

what is R

A

roentgen - unit of measuring radiation exposure

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16
Q

what is RAD

A

radiation absorbed dose - amount of energy deposited in a medium

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17
Q

what is REM

A

radiation equivalent man - combination of energy that is deposited in human tissue along with its medical effects

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18
Q

what is the NRC occupational radial dose limit for the entire body

A

5,000 mrem/yr

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19
Q

what is the size of a regular cassette

A

3.2 x 2.6 x 0.5 cm

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20
Q

what is the ideal tissue size for a regular cassette

A

2.5 x 1.5 x 0.3 cm

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21
Q

what is the rate of formalin penetration

A

1 mm per hour

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22
Q

what is the cold ischemic time

A

time the tissue is removed from the body to the time when it’s put into fixative

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23
Q

what is B5 fixative used for

A

bone marrows and lymph nodes

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24
Q

what is bouins fixative used for

A

GI’s - allows for crisp nuclear detail

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25
Q

what is carnoy’s fixative used for

A

lymph nodes and fat clearing

26
Q

what is glutaraldehyde fixative used for

A

electronmicroscopy and kidneys

27
Q

what is neutral buffered formalin used for

A

routine histology

28
Q

what is paraformaldehyde fixative used for

A

fluorescence studies and research

29
Q

what is zenker’s fixative used for

A

nuclear chromatin, connective tissue fibers, and cytoplasmic features

30
Q

what does picric acid do to tissue

A

softens and causes shrinkage

31
Q

what does acetic acid do to tissue

A

causes swelling and lysis of red cells

32
Q

what does alcohol do to tissue

A

coagulates proteins and causes shrinkage

33
Q

what does chloroform do to tissue

A

increases alcohol penetration and clears fatty tissue

34
Q

what is the formalin fixation ratio

A

15-20:1 (formalin to tissue)

35
Q

what is RPMI special solution used for

A

flow cytometry and lymphoma

36
Q

what is Michel’s special solution used for

A

IF and autoimmune diseases of skin and kidney

37
Q

what is hanks special solution used for

A

cytogenetics and genetic mutation

38
Q

what is the CPT code for gross only specimens

A

88300

39
Q

what is the CPT code for something that is benign but is being submitted for documentation purposes (fallopian tube)

A

88302

40
Q

what is the CPT code for something usually benign but a bit more complex (gallbladder)

A

88304

41
Q

what is the CPT code for something that may have pathology (GI and skin biopsies)

A

88305

42
Q

what is the CPT code for something bigger with more routine pathology and 5-15 cassettes (uterus)

A

88307

43
Q

what is the CPT code for something large and malignant

A

88309

44
Q

what is the CPT code for decalcification

A

88311

45
Q

define EMR

A

electronic medical record

46
Q

define EHR

A

electron health record

47
Q

define HEENT

A

head, ears, eyes, nose and throat

48
Q

what is the term for intolerant of lights

A

photophobia

49
Q

what is the term for intolerant of sounds

A

phonophobia

50
Q

what is the term for double vision

A

diplopia

51
Q

what is term for ringing of the ear

A

tinnitus

52
Q

define PERRL

A

pupils equal, round, and reactive to light

53
Q

define NCAT

A

normocephalic, atraumatic

54
Q

define (L/R) BBB

A

bundle branch block

55
Q

define TURP

A

transurethral resection of prostate

56
Q

define TURB

A

transurethral resection of bladder tumor

57
Q

define lymphadenopathy

A

enlarged lymph nodes

58
Q

which, cold or hot, nodule is usually malignant

A

cold nodule

59
Q

which, cold or hot, nodule is usually benign

A

hot nodule

60
Q

what is adjuvant treatment

A

treatment that is given after the primary treatment to stop it from reoccurring
ex. radiation after breast removal

61
Q

what is neoadjuvant treatment

A

treatment that is given before primary treatment
ex. radiation to shrink a tumor before removal

Applied Anatomic Pathology (17 decks)

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