Introduction to the Lab Flashcards
what is the pre-analytic phase
specimen collection and accessioning
what is the analytic phase
grossing, processing, embedding, cutting, staining, cover slipping, and case assembly
what is the post analytic phase
pathologist sign out
what are the two questions that need to be answered during accessioning
what is it and where is it from
what is an SDS
safety data sheet
what is a GHS
globally harmonized system
classification and labeling of chemicals
explain the four squares of the hazard identification system safety diamond
top point: fire hazard information
right point: reactivity information
bottom point: specific hazard information
left point: health hazard information
what is the permissible exposure limit for formaldehyde in the workplace (long term)
0.75 ppm over 8 hours
what is the permissible exposure limit for formaldehyde in the workplace (short term)
2 ppm over a 15 minute period
what is the action level (standard trigger for increased monitoring) of formaldehyde monitoring
0.5 ppm over 8 hours
what percentage of formaldehyde is formalin by weight
37% (3.7 for 10% buffered formalin)
what is the minimum amount of PPE
gloves, aprons, and eye protection
what are some examples of non-ionizing radiation (low frequency)
powerlines, microwaves, remote controls, cell phones
what is the most common type of ionizing radiation (high frequency) we will be affected by
beta - lighter negatively charger electrons
what is R
roentgen - unit of measuring radiation exposure
what is RAD
radiation absorbed dose - amount of energy deposited in a medium
what is REM
radiation equivalent man - combination of energy that is deposited in human tissue along with its medical effects
what is the NRC occupational radial dose limit for the entire body
5,000 mrem/yr
what is the size of a regular cassette
3.2 x 2.6 x 0.5 cm
what is the ideal tissue size for a regular cassette
2.5 x 1.5 x 0.3 cm
what is the rate of formalin penetration
1 mm per hour
what is the cold ischemic time
time the tissue is removed from the body to the time when it’s put into fixative
what is B5 fixative used for
bone marrows and lymph nodes
what is bouins fixative used for
GI’s - allows for crisp nuclear detail
what is carnoy’s fixative used for
lymph nodes and fat clearing
what is glutaraldehyde fixative used for
electronmicroscopy and kidneys
what is neutral buffered formalin used for
routine histology
what is paraformaldehyde fixative used for
fluorescence studies and research
what is zenker’s fixative used for
nuclear chromatin, connective tissue fibers, and cytoplasmic features
what does picric acid do to tissue
softens and causes shrinkage
what does acetic acid do to tissue
causes swelling and lysis of red cells
what does alcohol do to tissue
coagulates proteins and causes shrinkage
what does chloroform do to tissue
increases alcohol penetration and clears fatty tissue
what is the formalin fixation ratio
15-20:1 (formalin to tissue)
what is RPMI special solution used for
flow cytometry and lymphoma
what is Michel’s special solution used for
IF and autoimmune diseases of skin and kidney
what is hanks special solution used for
cytogenetics and genetic mutation
what is the CPT code for gross only specimens
88300
what is the CPT code for something that is benign but is being submitted for documentation purposes (fallopian tube)
88302
what is the CPT code for something usually benign but a bit more complex (gallbladder)
88304
what is the CPT code for something that may have pathology (GI and skin biopsies)
88305
what is the CPT code for something bigger with more routine pathology and 5-15 cassettes (uterus)
88307
what is the CPT code for something large and malignant
88309
what is the CPT code for decalcification
88311
define EMR
electronic medical record
define EHR
electron health record
define HEENT
head, ears, eyes, nose and throat
what is the term for intolerant of lights
photophobia
what is the term for intolerant of sounds
phonophobia
what is the term for double vision
diplopia
what is term for ringing of the ear
tinnitus
define PERRL
pupils equal, round, and reactive to light
define NCAT
normocephalic, atraumatic
define (L/R) BBB
bundle branch block
define TURP
transurethral resection of prostate
define TURB
transurethral resection of bladder tumor
define lymphadenopathy
enlarged lymph nodes
which, cold or hot, nodule is usually malignant
cold nodule
which, cold or hot, nodule is usually benign
hot nodule
what is adjuvant treatment
treatment that is given after the primary treatment to stop it from reoccurring
ex. radiation after breast removal
what is neoadjuvant treatment
treatment that is given before primary treatment
ex. radiation to shrink a tumor before removal
