Introduction to the Immune System Flashcards
GCSF granulocyte colony stimulating factor
Myeloid progenitors differentiate into myeloblasts which become neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils in bone marrow
Monocyte colony stimulating factor MCSF
Myeloid progenitors differentiate into monoblasts which become blood monocytes and eventually dendritic cells or macrophages
Lymphoid progenitors, what causes them to differentiate into B or T cell precursor cells
IL-7
Giemsa stain
Helps in recognition of different types of leukocytes on a blood smear
What makes up the largest portion of white blood cells
Neutrophils 40-70%
Lymphocytes 20-40%
Neutrophils have prominent cytoplasmic granules containing
Peroxidase
Lysozyme
Degradative enzymes
Defensins
Leukopenia
Reduction in circulating WBC count
Characterized by neutropenia, reduced number of neutrophils
Can be caused by cancer chemotherapy or radiation
Also suspect neutropenia in people with frequent/unusual infections
Neutrophil extracellular traps NET
Composed of core DNA element to which histones, proteins and enzymes that are released from neutrophil granules are attached. They immobilize pathogens and facilitate phagocytosis. Can also directly kill pathogens by means of antimicrobial histones/proteases
Do neutrophils survive after NET formation
Yes
Inflammatory macrophages function
Tissue remodeling that repairs collateral damage produced by hypersensitivity reactions
mDCs vs pDCs
Myeloid DCs capture, process and present antigens to T cells
Plasmacytoid DCs circulate blood and produce IFN
Langerhans cells
Dendritic cells residing in the epidermis of the skin
Mast cell location/granule contents
Tissue fixed cells
Histamine, serotonin, heparin
Live for months
Basophils location/granule contents
Circulating blood
Histamine, serotonin, heparin (fewer granules than mast cells)
Live for days
People affect by Mastocytosis are susceptible to
Itching, hives, anaphylactic shock caused by release of histamine from abundant mast cells
(Urticaria pigmentosa is a common form of cutaneous mastocytosis)
Eosinophil location/granule contents
Located in the blood
Histamine, peroxidase, lipase, major basic protein
Protect against helminths
Implicated in epithelial cell damage, exfoliation and bronchospasm
NK cells undergo differentiation where
Bone marrow
Do NK cell receptors possess antigenic specificity? Do they generate immunologic memory?
No and no
How are NK cells activated
They recognize Ags normally expressed on host cells. If the Ag is not present, the NK cell kills it
They function like a cell of innate immunity
