DSA Biomolecules

Question 1

Normal blood glucose levels when fasting or fed

Answer 1

70-100mg/dL fasting

Up to 140 when fed

Question 2

Diabetes blood glucose levels

Answer 2

> 126mg/dL fasting

>199mg/dL fed

Question 3

Hypoglycemic blood glucose level and deadly blood glucose level

Answer 3

<60mg/dL hypoglycemic

<40mg/dL convulsions/coma/brain damage/death

Question 4

Sugar alcohols cause cataracts, retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy how?

Answer 4

Glucose may be converted to sorbitol, which is osmotically active and triggers the movement of water into cells, where it accumulates

Question 5

Explain lactose intolerance

Answer 5

It is a genetic deficiency in the gut enzyme lactase

Microbial fermentation of lactose in the gut will occur and cause gas/diarrhea

Question 6

Isoprenoid lipids include

Answer 6

Steroids: Cholesterol, Steroid hormones, bile acids
Lipid soluble vitamins A, D, E, K
Coenzyme Q

Question 7

Difference between w-3 and w-6 fatty acids

Answer 7

w-3 have last double bond 3 carbons away from end

w-6 last double bond is 6 carbons away from end

Question 8

What causes gallstones, what can help treat

Answer 8

When bile contains too much cholesterol and too little bile salt, the cholesterol hardens into pebble-like solids called gallstones
Treated with chenodeoxcholic acid

Question 9

What happens to the nitrogen in proteins after they are metabolized

Answer 9

It is excreted as urea

Question 10

How many grams of protein are degraded and synthesized each day in a typical human

Answer 10

400g each

Question 11

Where does oxidation of the SH group in cysteine take place to form a disulfide bond, and why does it occur there

Answer 11

In the lumen of the rough ER, because there is glutathione in the cytoplasm which is a strong antioxidant