Introduction to Talking Therapies

Question 1

What is psychotherapy?

Answer 1

A form of treatment based on the systemic use of a relationship between therapist and patients to produce changes in cognition, feelings and behaviour

Question 2

What are the main models of psychotherapy?

Answer 2

Supportive/counselling
Cognitive/behavioural
Psychodynamic
Family/systemic

Question 3

What are the parts of Freud’s topographical model?

Answer 3

Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious

Question 4

What makes up the conscious?

Answer 4

Menal processes that we are aware of

Question 5

What makes up the preconscious?

Answer 5

Things we are not currently aware of but can quickly recall

E.g.

• memories
• stored knowledge

Question 6

What makes up the unconscious?

Answer 6

Mental processes that are inacccessable to consciousness but influence us

E.g.

• fears
• selfish needs

Question 7

What makes up Freud’s structural model?

Answer 7

Id
Ego
Superego

Question 8

What is the id?

Answer 8

Primitive and instinctive component of personality which responds directly to urges and needs. Responds on pleasure principle

Question 9

What is the ego?

Answer 9

Part of the id which has been modified by the influence of the external world

Decision making component - works out realistic ways to satisfy id’s demands

Question 10

What is the superego?

Answer 10

Controls the id’s impulses especially those which societ forbids

Question 11

What are the parts of the superego?

Answer 11

Conscience

Ideal self

Question 12

What is the role of the conscience?

Answer 12

Punish ego through feelings of guilt

Question 13

What is the role of the ideal self?

Answer 13

Imaginary picture of who you ought to be

Any behaviour that falls short of the ideal self may be punished through guilt

Question 14

What are defence mechanisms?

Answer 14

Subconscious methods to protect ourselves from feelings of anxiety and guilt

Question 15

What are the main defence mechanisms?

Answer 15

Projection
Dissociation 
Idealisation 
Regression 
Repression
Suppression 
Altruism 
Sublimation 
Reaction formation 
Denial 
Displacement 
Rationalisation

Question 16

What is projection?

Answer 16

Attributing their own unacceptable thoughts to another person

Question 17

What is dissociation?

Answer 17

Disconnecting self from areas of identity, memory, consciousness or perception to retain an illusion of control

Question 18

What is idealisation?

Answer 18

Attributing perfect/near perfect qualities to others as a way of avoiding negative feelings

Question 19

What is regression?

Answer 19

Returning to an earlier pahse of development or functioning to avoid conflict

Question 20

What is repression?

Answer 20

Unconscious mechanism emplying to keep disturbing thoughts from becoming conscious

Question 21

What is suppression?

Answer 21

Consciously deciding not to attend to a particular feeling/state/impulse

Question 22

What is altruism?

Answer 22

Commiting oneself to the needs of another over ones own

Question 23

What is sublimation?

Answer 23

Transforing socially objectionable aims into socially acceptable ones

Question 24

What is reaction formation?

Answer 24

Converting unwanted thoughts into their opposites

Question 25

What is denial?

Answer 25

Blocking external events from awareness

Question 26

What is displacement?

Answer 26

Satisfying an impulse with a substitute object

Question 27

What is rationalisation?

Answer 27

Cognitive distortion of facts to make an event/impulse less threatening

Question 28

What is transference?

Answer 28

Unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another

Question 29

What is counter-transference?

Answer 29

Reaction caused in a therapist as a result of transference

Question 30

What are the stages of psychosexual development?

Answer 30

``` Oral Anal Phallic Latent Genital ```

Question 31

What age does the oral stage affect?

Answer 31

Birth -> 1 year

Question 32

What is the oral stage?

Answer 32

Libido is centred in a baby's mouth - centred on suckling

Question 33

What is oral fixation?

Answer 33

Oral stimulation as a baby Leads to oral behaviours particularly when stressed

Question 34

What age does the anal stage affect?

Answer 34

1 -> 3 years

Question 35

What is the anal stage?

Answer 35

Libido focused on the anus - child gets pleasure from defecation Development of ego

Question 36

What is an anal retentive personality?

Answer 36

Early/harsh potty training Person hates mess, is obsessively tidy and respectful

Question 37

What is an anal-expulsive personality?

Answer 37

Liberal potty training routine Person who wants to share things, is messy and disorganised

Question 38

What age does the genital stage affect?

Answer 38

3 -> 7 years

Question 39

What is the genital stage?

Answer 39

Sensitivity is concentrated in the genitals Oedipus and Electra complexes

Question 40

What is the Oedipus complex?

Answer 40

Boy developes sexual desires for his mother Thinks his father would take away what he loves most if he finds out = castration anxiety Resolves this by adopting masculine behaviours

Question 41

What is the electra complex?

Answer 41

Development of penis envy Represses desire by substituting wish for a baby Blames mother for castrated state Represses her feelings and takes on female gender role

Question 42

What age does the latent stage affect?

Answer 42

7 years -> puberty

Question 43

What happens in the latent stage?

Answer 43

Dormant libido Energy is channelled into developing new skills

Question 44

What age does the genital stage affect?

Answer 44

Puberty onwards

Question 45

What is the genital stage?

Answer 45

Sexual instinct is directed to heterosexual pleasure