Introduction to Talking Therapies Flashcards
What is psychotherapy?
A form of treatment based on the systemic use of a relationship between therapist and patients to produce changes in cognition, feelings and behaviour
What are the main models of psychotherapy?
Supportive/counselling
Cognitive/behavioural
Psychodynamic
Family/systemic
What are the parts of Freud’s topographical model?
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
What makes up the conscious?
Menal processes that we are aware of
What makes up the preconscious?
Things we are not currently aware of but can quickly recall
E.g.
- memories
- stored knowledge
What makes up the unconscious?
Mental processes that are inacccessable to consciousness but influence us
E.g.
- fears
- selfish needs
What makes up Freud’s structural model?
Id
Ego
Superego
What is the id?
Primitive and instinctive component of personality which responds directly to urges and needs. Responds on pleasure principle
What is the ego?
Part of the id which has been modified by the influence of the external world
Decision making component - works out realistic ways to satisfy id’s demands
What is the superego?
Controls the id’s impulses especially those which societ forbids
What are the parts of the superego?
Conscience
Ideal self
What is the role of the conscience?
Punish ego through feelings of guilt
What is the role of the ideal self?
Imaginary picture of who you ought to be
Any behaviour that falls short of the ideal self may be punished through guilt
What are defence mechanisms?
Subconscious methods to protect ourselves from feelings of anxiety and guilt
What are the main defence mechanisms?
Projection Dissociation Idealisation Regression Repression Suppression Altruism Sublimation Reaction formation Denial Displacement Rationalisation
What is projection?
Attributing their own unacceptable thoughts to another person
What is dissociation?
Disconnecting self from areas of identity, memory, consciousness or perception to retain an illusion of control
What is idealisation?
Attributing perfect/near perfect qualities to others as a way of avoiding negative feelings
What is regression?
Returning to an earlier pahse of development or functioning to avoid conflict
What is repression?
Unconscious mechanism emplying to keep disturbing thoughts from becoming conscious
What is suppression?
Consciously deciding not to attend to a particular feeling/state/impulse
What is altruism?
Commiting oneself to the needs of another over ones own
What is sublimation?
Transforing socially objectionable aims into socially acceptable ones
What is reaction formation?
Converting unwanted thoughts into their opposites
What is denial?
Blocking external events from awareness
What is displacement?
Satisfying an impulse with a substitute object
What is rationalisation?
Cognitive distortion of facts to make an event/impulse less threatening
What is transference?
Unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another
What is counter-transference?
Reaction caused in a therapist as a result of transference
What are the stages of psychosexual development?
Oral Anal Phallic Latent Genital
What age does the oral stage affect?
Birth -> 1 year
What is the oral stage?
Libido is centred in a baby’s mouth - centred on suckling
What is oral fixation?
Oral stimulation as a baby
Leads to oral behaviours particularly when stressed
What age does the anal stage affect?
1 -> 3 years
What is the anal stage?
Libido focused on the anus - child gets pleasure from defecation
Development of ego
What is an anal retentive personality?
Early/harsh potty training
Person hates mess, is obsessively tidy and respectful
What is an anal-expulsive personality?
Liberal potty training routine
Person who wants to share things, is messy and disorganised
What age does the genital stage affect?
3 -> 7 years
What is the genital stage?
Sensitivity is concentrated in the genitals
Oedipus and Electra complexes
What is the Oedipus complex?
Boy developes sexual desires for his mother
Thinks his father would take away what he loves most if he finds out = castration anxiety
Resolves this by adopting masculine behaviours
What is the electra complex?
Development of penis envy
Represses desire by substituting wish for a baby
Blames mother for castrated state
Represses her feelings and takes on female gender role
What age does the latent stage affect?
7 years -> puberty
What happens in the latent stage?
Dormant libido
Energy is channelled into developing new skills
What age does the genital stage affect?
Puberty onwards
What is the genital stage?
Sexual instinct is directed to heterosexual pleasure
