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Psychiatry > Introduction to Talking Therapies > Flashcards

Introduction to Talking Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychotherapy?

A

A form of treatment based on the systemic use of a relationship between therapist and patients to produce changes in cognition, feelings and behaviour

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2
Q

What are the main models of psychotherapy?

A

Supportive/counselling
Cognitive/behavioural
Psychodynamic
Family/systemic

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3
Q

What are the parts of Freud’s topographical model?

A

Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious

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4
Q

What makes up the conscious?

A

Menal processes that we are aware of

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5
Q

What makes up the preconscious?

A

Things we are not currently aware of but can quickly recall

E.g.

  • memories
  • stored knowledge
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6
Q

What makes up the unconscious?

A

Mental processes that are inacccessable to consciousness but influence us

E.g.

  • fears
  • selfish needs
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7
Q

What makes up Freud’s structural model?

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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8
Q

What is the id?

A

Primitive and instinctive component of personality which responds directly to urges and needs. Responds on pleasure principle

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9
Q

What is the ego?

A

Part of the id which has been modified by the influence of the external world

Decision making component - works out realistic ways to satisfy id’s demands

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10
Q

What is the superego?

A

Controls the id’s impulses especially those which societ forbids

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11
Q

What are the parts of the superego?

A

Conscience

Ideal self

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12
Q

What is the role of the conscience?

A

Punish ego through feelings of guilt

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13
Q

What is the role of the ideal self?

A

Imaginary picture of who you ought to be

Any behaviour that falls short of the ideal self may be punished through guilt

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14
Q

What are defence mechanisms?

A

Subconscious methods to protect ourselves from feelings of anxiety and guilt

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15
Q

What are the main defence mechanisms?

A 
Projection
Dissociation 
Idealisation 
Regression 
Repression
Suppression 
Altruism 
Sublimation 
Reaction formation 
Denial 
Displacement 
Rationalisation
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16
Q

What is projection?

A

Attributing their own unacceptable thoughts to another person

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17
Q

What is dissociation?

A

Disconnecting self from areas of identity, memory, consciousness or perception to retain an illusion of control

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18
Q

What is idealisation?

A

Attributing perfect/near perfect qualities to others as a way of avoiding negative feelings

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19
Q

What is regression?

A

Returning to an earlier pahse of development or functioning to avoid conflict

20
Q

What is repression?

A

Unconscious mechanism emplying to keep disturbing thoughts from becoming conscious

21
Q

What is suppression?

A

Consciously deciding not to attend to a particular feeling/state/impulse

22
Q

What is altruism?

A

Commiting oneself to the needs of another over ones own

23
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Transforing socially objectionable aims into socially acceptable ones

24
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

Converting unwanted thoughts into their opposites

25
Q

What is denial?

A

Blocking external events from awareness

26
Q

What is displacement?

A

Satisfying an impulse with a substitute object

27
Q

What is rationalisation?

A

Cognitive distortion of facts to make an event/impulse less threatening

28
Q

What is transference?

A

Unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another

29
Q

What is counter-transference?

A

Reaction caused in a therapist as a result of transference

30
Q

What are the stages of psychosexual development?

A 
Oral 
Anal 
Phallic
Latent 
Genital
31
Q

What age does the oral stage affect?

A

Birth -> 1 year

32
Q

What is the oral stage?

A

Libido is centred in a baby’s mouth - centred on suckling

33
Q

What is oral fixation?

A

Oral stimulation as a baby

Leads to oral behaviours particularly when stressed

34
Q

What age does the anal stage affect?

A

1 -> 3 years

35
Q

What is the anal stage?

A

Libido focused on the anus - child gets pleasure from defecation

Development of ego

36
Q

What is an anal retentive personality?

A

Early/harsh potty training

Person hates mess, is obsessively tidy and respectful

37
Q

What is an anal-expulsive personality?

A

Liberal potty training routine

Person who wants to share things, is messy and disorganised

38
Q

What age does the genital stage affect?

A

3 -> 7 years

39
Q

What is the genital stage?

A

Sensitivity is concentrated in the genitals

Oedipus and Electra complexes

40
Q

What is the Oedipus complex?

A

Boy developes sexual desires for his mother
Thinks his father would take away what he loves most if he finds out = castration anxiety
Resolves this by adopting masculine behaviours

41
Q

What is the electra complex?

A

Development of penis envy
Represses desire by substituting wish for a baby
Blames mother for castrated state
Represses her feelings and takes on female gender role

42
Q

What age does the latent stage affect?

A

7 years -> puberty

43
Q

What happens in the latent stage?

A

Dormant libido

Energy is channelled into developing new skills

44
Q

What age does the genital stage affect?

A

Puberty onwards

45
Q

What is the genital stage?

A

Sexual instinct is directed to heterosexual pleasure

Psychiatry (22 decks)

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