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PSY3041 > Introduction to Psychological Testing > Flashcards

Introduction to Psychological Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Mental age

A

a concept related to intelligence. It looks at how a specific individual (usually a child), at a specific age, performs intellectually, compared to average intellectual performance for that individual’s actual chronological age (i.e. time elapsed since birth)

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2
Q

Objective procedure

A

the use of the same standardised materials, administration instructions, time limits and scoring procedures for all test takers

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3
Q

Definition

Divide frequency distributions into equal fourths

A

Quartile

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4
Q

Educational and developmental psychologist

A

a psychologist who specialises in assessing and treating children and adults with learning and developmental needs

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5
Q

What are the 7 assumptions of testing and assessment?

A
  1. Psychological traits and states exist
  2. Psychological traits and states can be quantified and measured
  3. Test-related behaviour predict non-test-related behaviour
  4. Tests and other measurement techniques have strengths and weaknesses
  5. Various sources of error are part of the measurement process
  6. Testing can be conducted in a fair and unbiased manner
  7. Testing/assessment benefits society
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6
Q

Psychometric properties

A

the criteria that a psychological test has to fulfil in order to be useful; they include how accurate and reproducible the test scores are, and how well the test measures what it intends to measure

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7
Q

Definition

the practice or advocacy of improving the human species by selectively mating people with specific desirable hereditary traits.

A

Eugenics

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8
Q

T score

A

a score standardised to a distribution with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10

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9
Q

Psychological assessment

A

a broad process of answering referral questions, which includes but is not limited to psychological testing

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10
Q

Definition

the application of neuropsychological tests and other data-collection techniques to answer referral questions or solve problems for individuals with a known or suspected brain injury

A

Neuropsychological assessment

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11
Q

Definition

a linear transformation of test scores that expresses the distance of each score from the mean of the distribution of scores in units of the standard deviation of the distribution

A

Z score

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12
Q

Definition

A type of psychological test to determine preference for activities or choices. Used to determine occupational or social choices

A

Interest Inventory

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13
Q

Definition

a test devised to measure intelligence while relying as little as possible on culture-specific knowledge (e.g. language); tests are devised to be suitable across different peoples, with the goal to measure fluid rather than crystallised intelligence

A

Culture fair test

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14
Q

Definition

a scale that has the properties of an interval scale but also has a true zero

A

Ratio scale

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15
Q

Ordinal scale

A

a scale that has the property of a nominal scale, but also identifies an ordering of objects in terms of the attribute

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16
Q

Definition

tables of the distribution of scores on a test for specified groups in a population that allow interpretation of any individual’s score on the test by comparison to the scores for a relevant group

A

Norms

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17
Q

Which region developed test batteries for a range of issues from 206BC to 200CE?

A

China

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18
Q

Definition

a psychological test that requires test takers to respond by answering questions or solving problems; they are usually administered individually

A

Performance test

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19
Q

Self-report test

A

a psychological test that requires test takers to report their behaviour or experience; these tests can be administered individually or in a group

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20
Q

Clinical psychologist

A

a psychologist who specialises in the diagnosis, assessment, treatment and prevention of psychological and mental health problems

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21
Q

Definition

a broad process of answering referral questions, which includes but is not limited to psychological testing

A

Psychological assessment

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22
Q

Meritocracy

A

government or the holding of power by people selected according to merit

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23
Q

Why do we use psychological testing?

A

Classification

Diagnosis and treatment planning

Self-knowledge

Program evaluation

Research

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24
Q

What type of data is BMI?

A

Interval

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25
Q

Definition

the notion that a psychological test loses its utility because the theory that is was based on has been shown to be wrong, or because the content of its items is no longer appropriate because of social or cultural change

A

Test obsolescence

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26
Q

Definition

a test to assess future learning potential

A

Aptitude test

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27
Q

What type of data is the list of students in a lab class?

A

Nominal data

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28
Q

Forensic psychologist

A

a psychologist who specialises in the provision of psychological services relating to the legal and criminal justice areas

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29
Q

What are the differences in the evaluator of testing and assessment?

A

Testing: Should have no influence

Assessment: Key to process. Selection of tools and formulation of conclusions

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30
Q

What type of data is degrees C? What about K?

A

Degrees C is interval

K is ratio (absolute 0!)

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31
Q

How has psychological testing been used in the past?

A

Eugenics - Galton promoted the improvement of the human species through selective parenthood.

Others such as Goodard and Jensen furthered this

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32
Q

Norms

A

tables of the distribution of scores on a test for specified groups in a population that allow interpretation of any individual’s score on the test by comparison to the scores for a relevant group

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33
Q

Creativity Test

A

A type of ability test for novel or original thinking and finding unique solutions

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34
Q

Eugenics

A

the practice or advocacy of improving the human species by selectively mating people with specific desirable hereditary traits.

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35
Q

Definition

a concept related to intelligence. It looks at how a specific individual (usually a child), at a specific age, performs intellectually, compared to average intellectual performance for that individual’s actual chronological age (i.e. time elapsed since birth)

A

Mental age

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36
Q

What type of data is the race placings?

A

Ordinal

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37
Q

What are the differences in objective between testing and assessment?

A

Testing: Gauge an individual ability. Scored and categorised

Assessment: Answer a referral question. Solve a problem. Use multiple tools of evaluation

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38
Q

How did WWI and WWII contribute to development of psychological tests?

A

There was a great need for group testing. Some tests were needed to test intelligence in illiterate adults (Army Beta). WWII gave rise to the role of a clinical psychologist as the tester

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39
Q

Definition

a psychologist who specialises in assessing and treating children and adults with learning and developmental needs

A

Educational and developmental psychologist

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40
Q

Interest Inventory

A

A type of psychological test to determine preference for activities or choices. Used to determine occupational or social choices

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41
Q

Definition

a psychologist who specialises in the area of work, human resource management and organisational training and development

A

Organisational psychologist

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42
Q

What was personality testing post WWII designed to measure?

A

Behaviour and measured ability rather than ability.

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43
Q

What type of data is speed?

A

Ratio

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44
Q

Definition

A type of ability test for novel or original thinking and finding unique solutions

A

Creativity Test

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45
Q

Behavioural procedures

A

a type of psychological test that describes or counts behaviour

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46
Q

Psychological test

A

an objective procedure for sampling and quantifying human behaviour to make inferences about a particular psychological construct or constructs using standardised stimuli and methods of administration and scoring

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47
Q

Intelligence test

A

A type of ability test for specific ability or global area

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48
Q

What are the four main types of ability tests?

A

Intelligence tests

Aptitude tests

Achievement test

Creativity test

49
Q

Interval scale

A

a scale that orders objects in terms of the attribute in such a way that the distances on the scale represent distances between objects

50
Q

Definition

Average deviation around the mean

A

Standard deviation

51
Q

Definition

a test to assess past learning

A

Achievement test

52
Q

Z score

A

a linear transformation of test scores that expresses the distance of each score from the mean of the distribution of scores in units of the standard deviation of the distribution

53
Q

What are the differences in the outcome of testing and assessment?

A

Testing: The final score(s)

Assessment: Answer to referral question

54
Q

Definition

Sum of all scores divided by the total number of scores

A

Mean

55
Q

Definition

Divide frequency distribution into 10 equal groups

A

Deciles

56
Q

Aptitude test

A

a test to assess future learning potential

57
Q

Organisational psychologist

A

a psychologist who specialises in the area of work, human resource management and organisational training and development

58
Q

Who developed one of the first major general intelligence tests?

A

Alfred Binet

59
Q

What are features of the Wechsler-Bellevue Scale?

A

Non-verbal scales

Multiple facets of IQ

Pattern and combination of abilities

60
Q

Definition

a psychological test that requires test takers to report their behaviour or experience; these tests can be administered individually or in a group

A

Self-report test

61
Q

What encouraged Britain to develop psychological testing in the early 19th century?

A

Class distinctions and social order; how it relates to intelligence

62
Q

Definition

the criteria that a psychological test has to fulfil in order to be useful; they include how accurate and reproducible the test scores are, and how well the test measures what it intends to measure

A

Psychometric properties

63
Q

Definition

the use of the same standardised materials, administration instructions, time limits and scoring procedures for all test takers

A

Objective procedure

64
Q

Neuropsychology

A

a branch of psychology that aims to study the relationships between the brain and behaviour

65
Q

Ethics

A

a set of principles for guiding behaviours; in the case of psychological testing and assessment, for guiding professional behaviours

66
Q

Definition

the forerunner to the popular Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, it was created by David Wechsler and released in 1939 as a test of general intellectual ability; revised many times, it remains the most widely used individual test of ability

A

Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale

67
Q

Definition

an expression of the position of a score in a distribution of scores by dividing the distribution into 100 equal parts; also known as ‘centile’

A

Percentile

68
Q

Criterion-referenced test

A

a psychological test that uses a predetermined empirical standard as an objective reference point for evaluating the performance of a test taker

69
Q

Definition

a psychologist who specialises in understanding, assessing and treating individuals’ cognitive and behavioural resulting from brain injury

A

Clinical neuropsychologist

70
Q

In what areas do tests and assessments differ?

A

Objective

Process

Evaluator role

Outcome

71
Q

Norm-referenced test

A

a psychological test that uses the performance of a representative group of people (i.e., the norm) on the test for evaluating the performance of a test taker

72
Q

Deciles

A

Divide frequency distribution into 10 equal groups

73
Q

Definition

a set of principles for guiding behaviours; in the case of psychological testing and assessment, for guiding professional behaviours

A

Ethics

74
Q

Definition

a psychological test that uses the performance of a representative group of people (i.e., the norm) on the test for evaluating the performance of a test taker

A

Norm-referenced test

75
Q

Definition

the process of administering a psychological test, and obtaining and interpreting the test scores

A

Psychological testing

76
Q

Neuropsychological assessment

A

the application of neuropsychological tests and other data-collection techniques to answer referral questions or solve problems for individuals with a known or suspected brain injury

77
Q

What are the issues with norms?

A
  • Initial sample must be large enough to be adequately representative
  • Need to be updates regularly to accurately reflect the population
  • Criterion-referenced tests are sometimes based on arbitrary cut-points
78
Q

Mean

A

Sum of all scores divided by the total number of scores

79
Q

Morals

A

one’s perspective of what’s right and proper conduct

80
Q

Definition

A type of ability test for specific ability or global area

A

Intelligence test

81
Q

Is a spelling test a psychological test?

A

Yes, spelling ability is a psychological construct and it’s being measured

82
Q

What are the important features of a test?

A
  • Standardised procedure
  • Meaningful describing outcomes
  • Have norms and standards
  • Made up of items
83
Q

Definition

one’s perspective of what’s right and proper conduct

A

Morals

84
Q

What test did Wechsler develop to further Binet’s intelligence test?

A

Wechsler-Bellevue Scale

85
Q

Definition

a branch of psychology that aims to study the relationships between the brain and behaviour

A

Neuropsychology

86
Q

What are the differences in the process of testing and assessment?

A

Testing: Administer and score in accordance to specific rules (manual for use)

Assessment: Consider processes beyond the score and how individuals got a score

87
Q

Definition

government or the holding of power by people selected according to merit

A

Meritocracy

88
Q

What are the 8 steps of the assessment process?

A
  1. Obtain referral information
  2. Conduct a clinical interview
  3. Psyhometric testing
  4. Collect collateral information
  5. Formulation of presenting issues
  6. Formal diagnosis
  7. Treatment recommendations and plan
  8. Feedback to the client
89
Q

Culture fair test

A

a test devised to measure intelligence while relying as little as possible on culture-specific knowledge (e.g. language); tests are devised to be suitable across different peoples, with the goal to measure fluid rather than crystallised intelligence

90
Q

Clinical neuropsychologist

A

a psychologist who specialises in understanding, assessing and treating individuals’ cognitive and behavioural resulting from brain injury

91
Q

Definition

an objective procedure for sampling and quantifying human behaviour to make inferences about a particular psychological construct or constructs using standardised stimuli and methods of administration and scoring

A

Psychological test

92
Q

Quartile

A

Divide frequency distributions into equal fourths

93
Q

Nominal measurement

A

the lowest form of measurement that assigns numbers to objects to represent their discreteness from each other

94
Q

Standard deviation

A

Average deviation around the mean

95
Q

What are the four main types of personality and behavioural tests?

A

Personality tests

Interest inventory

Behavioural procedures

Neuropsychological tests

96
Q

Definition

a psychologist who specialises in the diagnosis, assessment, treatment and prevention of psychological and mental health problems

A

Clinical psychologist

97
Q

Definition

a scale that orders objects in terms of the attribute in such a way that the distances on the scale represent distances between objects

A

Interval scale

98
Q

Definition

a psychological test that uses a predetermined empirical standard as an objective reference point for evaluating the performance of a test taker

A

Criterion-referenced test

99
Q

Definition

any of several tests that consist of standardized tasks designed to determine various aspects of the personality or the emotional status of the individual examined.

A

Personality test

100
Q

Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale

A

the forerunner to the popular Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, it was created by David Wechsler and released in 1939 as a test of general intellectual ability; revised many times, it remains the most widely used individual test of ability

101
Q

What are some examples of psychological tests in society?

A

NAPLAN

National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)

Buzzfeed quizzes

102
Q

Percentile

A

an expression of the position of a score in a distribution of scores by dividing the distribution into 100 equal parts; also known as ‘centile’

103
Q

Psychological testing

A

the process of administering a psychological test, and obtaining and interpreting the test scores

104
Q

Define

Achievement test

A

a test to assess past learning

105
Q

Definition

a type of psychological test that describes or counts behaviour

A

Behavioural procedures

106
Q

Definition

a psychologist who specialises in the provision of psychological services relating to the legal and criminal justice areas

A

Forensic psychologist

107
Q

Definition

a score standardised to a distribution with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10

A

T score

108
Q

Definition

a scale that has the property of a nominal scale, but also identifies an ordering of objects in terms of the attribute

A

Ordinal scale

109
Q

Definition

the lowest form of measurement that assigns numbers to objects to represent their discreteness from each other

A

Nominal measurement

110
Q

Test obsolescence

A

the notion that a psychological test loses its utility because the theory that is was based on has been shown to be wrong, or because the content of its items is no longer appropriate because of social or cultural change

111
Q

Performance test

A

a psychological test that requires test takers to respond by answering questions or solving problems; they are usually administered individually

112
Q

Ratio scale

A

a scale that has the properties of an interval scale but also has a true zero

113
Q

Personality test

A

any of several tests that consist of standardized tasks designed to determine various aspects of the personality or the emotional status of the individual examined.

114
Q

Dr Philip, an Educational and Developmental Psychologist, has received a referral to assess Louise, a 25-year-old Chinese born Australian. The referral states that she experiences stress and anxiety resulting from her job, and that she is seeking help to manage these symptoms. Louise recently passed the final test to become a Certified Practising Accountant (CPA) and has been working with a high profile firm for 6 months.

Dr Philip sees Louise for one session and administers the following tests to address the referral question:

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

From the results of these tests, Dr Philip determined that Louise is suffering from Generalised Anxiety Disorder. These results were discussed with Louise and it was recommended she commence psychological treatment.

The test that Louise took to become a CPA is an example of what type of test?

Select one:

a. A norm-referenced test
b. A criterion-referenced test
c. A projective test
d. A t-test

A

The test that Louise took to become a CPA is an example of what type of test?

Select one:

a. A norm-referenced test

b. A criterion-referenced test

c. A projective test
d. A t-test

115
Q

Dr Philip, an Educational and Developmental Psychologist, has received a referral to assess Louise, a 25-year-old Chinese born Australian. The referral states that she experiences stress and anxiety resulting from her job, and that she is seeking help to manage these symptoms. Louise recently passed the final test to become a Certified Practising Accountant (CPA) and has been working with a high profile firm for 6 months.

Dr Philip sees Louise for one session and administers the following tests to address the referral question:

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

From the results of these tests, Dr Philip determined that Louise is suffering from Generalised Anxiety Disorder. These results were discussed with Louise and it was recommended she commence psychological treatment.

A potential issue with using the WAIS in this assessment is that the test:

Select one:

a. is not psychometrically sound
b. is only relevant to men
c. does not suit the purpose of the assessment, and is not required
d. is not comprehensive enough to represent Louise’s intelligence

A

A potential issue with using the WAIS in this assessment is that the test:

Select one:

a. is not psychometrically sound
b. is only relevant to men

c. does not suit the purpose of the assessment, and is not required

d. is not comprehensive enough to represent Louise’s intelligence

116
Q

Dr Philip, an Educational and Developmental Psychologist, has received a referral to assess Louise, a 25-year-old Chinese born Australian. The referral states that she experiences stress and anxiety resulting from her job, and that she is seeking help to manage these symptoms. Louise recently passed the final test to become a Certified Practising Accountant (CPA) and has been working with a high profile firm for 6 months.

Dr Philip sees Louise for one session and administers the following tests to address the referral question:

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

From the results of these tests, Dr Philip determined that Louise is suffering from Generalised Anxiety Disorder. These results were discussed with Louise and it was recommended she commence psychological treatment.

A potential issue with using the MMPI in this assessment is that the test:

Select one:

a. is not psychometrically sound
b. may not be normed appropriately for use with a culturally and linguistically diverse client sample.
c. may not accurately capture Louise’s personality as the test is only normed for use with males.
d. is not comprehensive enough to represent Louise’s personality

A

A potential issue with using the MMPI in this assessment is that the test:

Select one:

a. is not psychometrically sound

b. may not be normed appropriately for use with a culturally and linguistically diverse client sample.

c. may not accurately capture Louise’s personality as the test is only normed for use with males.
d. is not comprehensive enough to represent Louise’s personality

117
Q

Dr Philip, an Educational and Developmental Psychologist, has received a referral to assess Louise, a 25-year-old Chinese born Australian. The referral states that she experiences stress and anxiety resulting from her job, and that she is seeking help to manage these symptoms. Louise recently passed the final test to become a Certified Practising Accountant (CPA) and has been working with a high profile firm for 6 months.

Dr Philip sees Louise for one session and administers the following tests to address the referral question:

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

From the results of these tests, Dr Philip determined that Louise is suffering from Generalised Anxiety Disorder. These results were discussed with Louise and it was recommended she commence psychological treatment.

Dr Philip has not yet received formal training in administering and scoring the MMPI and did not have time to consult an experienced user. Was including this test in his assessment responsible and ethical psychological practice?

Select one:

a. No – because Dr Philip has not yet demonstrated the relevant competencies in administrating and scoring this test
b. Yes – because it was an essential part of the diagnostic process
c. No – because only clinical psychologists can administer this test
d. Yes – because Dr Philip is a qualified psychologist and read the manual before the assessment

A

Dr Philip has not yet received formal training in administering and scoring the MMPI and did not have time to consult an experienced user. Was including this test in his assessment responsible and ethical psychological practice?

Select one:

a. No – because Dr Philip has not yet demonstrated the relevant competencies in administrating and scoring this test

b. Yes – because it was an essential part of the diagnostic process
c. No – because only clinical psychologists can administer this test
d. Yes – because Dr Philip is a qualified psychologist and read the manual before the assessment

118
Q

Dr Philip, an Educational and Developmental Psychologist, has received a referral to assess Louise, a 25-year-old Chinese born Australian. The referral states that she experiences stress and anxiety resulting from her job, and that she is seeking help to manage these symptoms. Louise recently passed the final test to become a Certified Practising Accountant (CPA) and has been working with a high profile firm for 6 months.

Dr Philip sees Louise for one session and administers the following tests to address the referral question:

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

From the results of these tests, Dr Philip determined that Louise is suffering from Generalised Anxiety Disorder. These results were discussed with Louise and it was recommended she commence psychological treatment.

Which of the following statements is most accurate about the assessment process that Dr Philip has undertaken?

Select one:

a. The assessment process was completed as Dr Philip was able to diagnose Louise.
b. The assessment process was comprehensive and Dr Philip did not need to gather any other information to inform his clinical opinion.
c. The assessment process was not adequate because Dr Philip did not provide feedback about the assessment results to Louise.
d. The assessment process was not comprehensive because Dr Philip conducted the tests in isolation, and did not conduct a full clinical interview.

A

Which of the following statements is most accurate about the assessment process that Dr Philip has undertaken?

Select one:

a. The assessment process was completed as Dr Philip was able to diagnose Louise.
b. The assessment process was comprehensive and Dr Philip did not need to gather any other information to inform his clinical opinion.
c. The assessment process was not adequate because Dr Philip did not provide feedback about the assessment results to Louise.

d. The assessment process was not comprehensive because Dr Philip conducted the tests in isolation, and did not conduct a full clinical interview.

PSY3041 (12 decks)

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