Educational Testing Flashcards
Define
Summative assessment
an assessment that has a purely evaluative function
Define
Standardised test
a test administered and scored in a set way
Define
Standard
a fixed level of attainment
Define
Rasch model
a model that relates the probability of response of a particular sort (e.g. right/wrong) to the difference between a person’s standing on a latent variable and the difficulty of the item
Define
Multiple choice test
a test where each questions has a number of options, of which only one is correct
Define
High-stakes test
a test where the results have important consequences for the test taker
Define
Formative assessment
an assessment aimed at facilitating learning as well as evaluating it
Define
Constructed response test (CRT)
a test that requires the test takers to construct the answer in response to the question; no options are provided (as are in multiple choice test)
Define
Aptitude test
a test to assess future learning potential
Define
Achievement test
a test to assess past learning
Define
Specific learning disorder
a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins during school-age, although may not be recognized until adulthood. It refers to ongoing problems in one of three areas, reading, writing and math, which are foundational to one’s ability to learn
Define
Dyslexia
a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words
Define
Dyscalculia
severe difficulty in making arithmetical calculations, as a result of brain disorder.
Define
Response to Intervention (RTI) model
a multi-tier approach to the early identification and support of students with learning and behavioural needs
Define
Wide-Range Achievement Test (WRAT 4)
an academic skills assessment which measures reading skills, math skills, spelling, and comprehension
Define
General aptitude test
The type of aptitude test that assesses an individual’s overall potential to solve problems, adapt to changing circumstances, think abstractly and learn from experiences
Define
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
a clinical instrument (psychological diagnostic test) for assessing cognitive development in children
Define
Specific aptitude test
a type of aptitude test used to make predictions in specialised areas which provides useful information on an individual’s potential in regards to education and employment
Define
Performance assessment
assessments that pull together a variety of knowledge, skills, and values that the examinee must exhibit
Define
Authentic assessment
involves the assessment of relevant, meaningful tasks that demonstrate the transfer of an area of study to real world activities
Define
Checklist
a questionnaire on which marks are made to indicate the presence or absence of a specified behaviour, thought, event or circumstance
Define
Rating scale
completed by an evaluator to make a judgment of relative standing with regard to a specific variable or list of variables; often rated on a sliding scale
Definition
an assessment that has a purely evaluative function
Summative assessment
Definition
a test administered and scored in a set way
Standardised test
Definition
a fixed level of attainment
Standard
Definition
a model that relates the probability of response of a particular sort (e.g. right/wrong) to the difference between a person’s standing on a latent variable and the difficulty of the item
Rasch model
Definition
a test where each questions has a number of options, of which only one is correct
Multiple choice test
Definition
a test where the results have important consequences for the test taker
High-stakes test
Definition
an assessment aimed at facilitating learning as well as evaluating it
Formative assessment
Definition
a test that requires the test takers to construct the answer in response to the question; no options are provided (as are in multiple choice test)
Constructed response test (CRT)
Definition
a test to assess future learning potential
Aptitude test
Definition
a test to assess past learning
Achievement test
Definition
a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins during school-age, although may not be recognized until adulthood. It refers to ongoing problems in one of three areas, reading, writing and math, which are foundational to one’s ability to learn
Specific learning disorder
Definition
a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words
Dyslexia
Definition
severe difficulty in making arithmetical calculations, as a result of brain disorder.
Dyscalculia
Definition
a multi-tier approach to the early identification and support of students with learning and behavioural needs
Response to Intervention (RTI) model
Definition
an academic skills assessment which measures reading skills, math skills, spelling, and comprehension
Wide-Range Achievement Test (WRAT 4)
Definition
The type of aptitude test that assesses an individual’s overall potential to solve problems, adapt to changing circumstances, think abstractly and learn from experiences
General aptitude test
Definition
a clinical instrument (psychological diagnostic test) for assessing cognitive development in children
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
Definition
a type of aptitude test used to make predictions in specialised areas which provides useful information on an individual’s potential in regards to education and employment
Specific aptitude test
Definition
assessments that pull together a variety of knowledge, skills, and values that the examinee must exhibit
Performance assessment
Definition
involves the assessment of relevant, meaningful tasks that demonstrate the transfer of an area of study to real world activities
Authentic assessment
Definition
a questionnaire on which marks are made to indicate the presence or absence of a specified behaviour, thought, event or circumstance
Checklist
Definition
completed by an evaluator to make a judgment of relative standing with regard to a specific variable or list of variables; often rated on a sliding scale
Rating scale
What is the role of educational testing?
- Assessments of how much learning has taken place and to what degree it has been mastered
- Assessments of how knowledge acquired by a given student compares to that acquired by various groups of students
- To form part of assessment in testing whether a child is having difficulties learning material, and if so, why and what might be done to alleviate the difficulty
- To what degree does a child have the pre-requisites for learning
What must be present to warrant a diagnosis of a Specific Learning Disorder?
- Difficulties learning and using academic skills persisting for at least 6 months
- Academic skills must be considerably below expected for the individual’s age
- Difficulties begin during school-age years
- Difficulties must not be better explained by other factors
What areas are effected by a specific learning difficulty in reading?
Word reading accuracy, reading rate or fluency, reading comprehension
What areas are effected by a specific learning difficulty in written expession?
Spelling accuracy, grammar and punctuation accuracy, clarity or organisation of written expression
What areas are effected by a specific learning difficulty in mathematics?
Number sense, memorisation of arithmetic facts, accurate or fluent calculation, accurate math reasoning
What are the steps to the Response to Intervention (RTI) model?
- Teachers provide evidence-based instruction
- All student’s learning of that instruction is regularly evaluated
- Struggling learners are provided with interventions to aid their rate of learning
- Progress is closely monitored and students are re-evaluated to gauge the effectiveness of the interventions
- Re-evaluation, intervention and re-assessment occur as necessary
What is the difference between Individual and Group Testing?
What are the two main types of educational tests?
Achievement tests
Aptitude tests
Achievement tests assess ________ ability (more dependent on direct experience and learning)
Aptitude tests assess ________ ability (reflects a more general ability to adapt or transfer experience to new problems)
Achievement tests assess crystallised ability (more dependent on direct experience and learning)
Aptitude tests assess fluid ability (reflects a more general ability to adapt or transfer experience to new problems)
This question is an example of which type of test?:
A correlation of .7 between variables X and Y in a predictive validity study accounts for what percentage of the variance?
a) 7% b) 70% c) .7% d) 49% e) 25%
Achievement test item
This question is an example of which type of test?:
o is to O as x is to…
a) / b) % c) X d) Y
Aptitude test item
What are the two types of achievement tests?
- Fact-based; require rote-learning
- Conceptual; require both knowledge of the facts and sufficient understanding for application.
What are some common uses of achievement tests?
- Assess students progress toward instructional objectives
- Gauge the quality of instruction
- Comparison between students’ progress
- Decision making regarding placement of student
- Screening for learning difficulties
What does the WRAT 4 assess? Who is it appropriate for?
Assess reading, mathematics and non-verbal reasoning. Child to adult (mostly primary school)
What are the benefits of the WRAT?
A quick measure of fundamental academic skills, helpful in diagnosing learning disabilities and determining instructional needs
What are the advantages and disadvantages of teacher-made tests?
- Advantages of teacher-made tests
- Tailored to a specific program of instruction or training
- Disadvantages of teacher-made tests
- Not standardised (i.e., no norms)
- May lack objectivity, content validity, etc.
What are the two types of aptitude tests?
General and specific
What are some examples of aptitude tests?
- Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales (SB-5)
- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)
- Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV)
- Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)
What are the two intelligence sub-types of the K-ABC?
Simultaneous
Serial
What is Simultaneous intelliegence of the K-ABC?
- solves problems best by mentally integrating many parallel pieces of information at the same time
- prefers visual instruction
What is Serial intelliegence of the K-ABC?
- solves problems best by mentally arranging small amount of information in a consecutive, step by step order
- prefers verbal instructions
What are some General considerations about psychoeducational testing?
- Develop rapport (very important) and explain purpose of testing
- Ensure test-taker understands instructions
- Be flexible (especially when testing children)
- Take note of the test-taker’s presentation for assessment (e.g., attention, fatigue, mood), and their approach to testing (e.g., giving up easily or persevering? Getting anxious on particular tests?)
- Environmental factors are important- e.g. need to minimise distractions/loud noises
- Time of day important
- Keep in mind who the referrer is, and who the intended audience is (of the report)
What should be included in a psychoeducational assessment report?
- Referral question(s)
- Referral source
- Background information
- List of assessments conducted
- Observations during assessment
- Assessment results
- Interpretation of results
- Summary and recommendations
What typically triggers a referral for education testing?
Select one or more:
Poor effort
Poor brain development
Poor social skills
Poor achievement
What typically triggers a referral for education testing?
Select one or more:
Poor effort
Poor brain development
Poor social skills
Poor achievement
There are __ diagnostic criteria to be met to be diagnosed with a specific learning disorder. These are based on a synthesis of an individual’s history, psychoeducational testing, and school reports/observations.
There are 4 diagnostic criteria to be met to be diagnosed with a specific learning disorder. These are based on a synthesis of an individual’s history, psychoeducational testing, and school reports/observations.
A specific learning difficulty in written expression is alternatively called:
Select one or more:
Dyslexia
Dyscalculia
Aphasia
None of these are correct
A specific learning difficulty in written expression is alternatively called:
Select one or more:
Dyslexia
Dyscalculia
Aphasia
None of these are correct
There are three tiers to the ‘response to intervention’ approach. These are:
Tier 1: → Supplemental instructions with usual classroom routine
Tier 2 → Targeted more engaging intervention in small groups
Tier 3 → Intensive one-on-one interventions
Vygotsky introduced the concept of the ‘zone of proximal development’. This zone refers to…
Select one:
a. Things the learner is not motivated to do, but may be motivated to do with further encouragement
b. Things the learner cannot do
c. Things the learner is motivated to do
d. Things the learner can do with help
Vygotsky introduced the concept of the ‘zone of proximal development’. This zone refers to…
Select one:
a. Things the learner is not motivated to do, but may be motivated to do with further encouragement
b. Things the learner cannot do
c. Things the learner is motivated to do
d. Things the learner can do with help
True or false:
Scoring for group tests requires lower levels of skill and training from the scorer compared to individual tests.
True
While achievement tests typically assess ________ knowledge, more dependent on ________, aptitude tests typically assess __________knowledge, more dependent on ________.
While achievement tests typically assess fact-based knowledge, more dependent on rote-learning, aptitude tests typically assess conceptual knowledge, more dependent on understanding for application.
True or false:
NAPLAN is an example of an individually administered achievement test.
False
What does WRAT 4 stand for?
Select one:
a. Wide-range ability test
b. Wide-range assessment test
c. Wide-range achievement test
d. Wide-range aptitude test
What does WRAT 4 stand for?
Select one:
a. Wide-range ability test
b. Wide-range assessment test
c. Wide-range achievement test
d. Wide-range aptitude test
The wide-range achievement test (WRAT4) can be administered to a wide age range, from __ to __ years old.
The wide-range achievement test (WRAT4) can be administered to a wide age range, from 5 to 94 years old.
Which of the following is a/are subtest(s) of the WRAT4?
Select one or more:
Word reading
Recollection
Repetition
Word naming
Which of the following is a/are subtest(s) of the WRAT4?
Select one or more:
Word reading
Recollection
Repetition
Word naming
A(n) ________ test focuses on informal learning and measures the potential for learning, rather than assessing how much an individual has already learned.
A(n) aptitude test focuses on informal learning and measures the potential for learning, rather than assessing how much an individual has already learned.
Walter has applied for a job as a teacher. As part of the application, Walter has to teach a practice class while being assessed by the hiring committee. This is an example of a(n) ____ assessment.
Select one:
a. Ecologically reliable
b. Demonstrative
c. Authentic
d. Performance
Walter has applied for a job as a teacher. As part of the application, Walter has to teach a practice class while being assessed by the hiring committee. This is an example of a(n) ____ assessment.
Select one:
a. Ecologically reliable
b. Demonstrative
c. Authentic
d. Performance
