INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS AND BOTANY Flashcards
have green leaves, stems, roots, and
flowers.
plants
(pine, spruce, fir) have cones rather than
flowers.
Conifers
do not appear to have leaves.
Cacti and succulents
have leaves, stems, and roots but never
produce seeds, flowers, and wood. They produce
spores.
Ferns
are non-vascular plant such as mosses;
Of all terrestrial plants, have the least in common
with flowering plants; no roots.
Bryophytes
• Mushroom, puffballs, “water molds.”
• Immobile and produce spores that function
somewhat like seeds.
• NOT PLANTS
• Never green, cannot obtain energy from sunlight
(non-photosynthetic).
• Tissue, physiology, and basic biochemical processes
differ from plants.
Fungi?
• Some botanists consider them to be plants.
- Green algae are similar to plants in biochemistry and cell structure.
• Some exclude them:
- Green algae have more in common with the
seaweeds known as red algae and brown algae.
Algae?
similar to plants in biochemistry and
cell structure.
Green algae
Green algae have more in common with the
seaweeds known as
red algae and brown algae.
Some botanists consider them to be plants.
Algae?
photosynthesis
Oxygen
capable of producing energy on
their own)
Primary producers
Economically important to humans:
- Agricultural plants
- Flavoring plants
- Euphoric/hallucinogenic plants
- Fiber, wood plants
- Medicinal plants
primary producers in a food chain.
Plants
became a foundation for human
civilization, development of culture, art, and
government.
Agriculture
are our fundamental source of food.
Plants
medicines come from plants.
Cinchona tree and quinine
for the
treatment of malaria.
Quinine
Chloroquine and Hydroxyl
Chloroquine
Synthetic Derivatives
also used for treatment of malaria
Chloroquine and Hydroxyl
Chloroquine
fuel, shelter, and paper products
Plants provide
seeds are converted into oil/biofuel.
Jatropha Plant
• As organisms reproduce, their offspring differ slightly
from each other in their features.
- With features that make them poorly adapted to the
habitat = do not grow well and reproduce poorly.
- With features that cause them to be well-adapted =
grow well and reproduce abundantly, passing on the
beneficial features to their own offspring.
Principle
do not grow well and reproduce poorly.
poorly adapted
grow well and reproduce abundantly
well-adapted
Species having specific features caused them to
adapt and reproduce and passed these features to
their offspring.
Natural Selection
Determines which features are eliminated and
passed on to the next generation.
Natural Selection
bark formation on stem
decreases surface area,
decreases water lost
Leaves fall in autumn
persist and produce new shoot
during spring
Bulbs, corms, tubers
prevent water
loss.
Cutinizes leaves/stems of evergreens
