introduction to pathology Flashcards
revision
What does the anagram VINDICATEM stand for?
Different types of disease V- Vascular I- Infectious/inflammatory N- Neoplasia D- Drugs/toxins I- Intervention-iatrogenic C- Congenital/development A- Autoimmune T- Trauma E- Endocrine/metabolic M- Mental Health
Vascular, Infectious/Inflammatory and Neoplasia are the really important ones
You must include psychiatric and psychological illness as well and the effect that has on the body as well.
What is Vascular disease?
Anything to do with blood vessels Primarily: - Inflammation - Clots and blockages Blood vessels are everywhere in the body and so these things can occur anywhere in the body.
What are some examples of Infection/inflammatory that people may have?
e.g. Appendicitis Pneumonia Tonsillitis Sepsis - systemic infection
What doe it mean if you are looking for Neoplasia?
New growth, primarily cancer
What do you need to consider when investigating Drugs/Toxins?
All drugs have side effects
An idiosyncratic symptom is something you weren’t expecting
What is a Iatrogenic disease?
Something caused by a doctor.
Always want to know past medical history
What is a Congenital disease?
Something that you are born with,
not necessarily inherited.
What are some examples of Autoimmune diseases?
e.g. Rheumatoid arthritis
Diabetes
Multiple Sclerosis
When investigating Trauma what do you always want to ask the patient about?
You need to think about history taking and need to know the normal so that you can find the abnormal.
What are Endocrine diseases related to and ultimately what do the problems simply come down to?
Things related to hormones.
By enlarge you have too much of them or not enough of them.
What does that hormone do? that way you can predict what too much/too little do.
What are some metabolic problems and what symptoms can they cause?
High BMI, low levels of exercise, high chance of MI or a stroke
It could also be thing like having too much iron in the liver.
You can predict what the result of having too much of something will cause.
More unlikely
What happens in pathology?
we dissect specimens to look for and document gross pathology - macroscopic disease.
Examine specimens under the microscope to look for microscopic disease.
Perform other tests - genetic tests, immunological tests, special stains for infections etc.
Autopsy pathology - cause of death etc.
What is Gross Pathology?
Dissection of resection specimens
Gross features of disease
What is Microscopy?
Systematic approach
Is it abnormal?
What kind of process is it? (VINDICATEM)
Specific features
What is Autopsy Pathology?
Lots of questions Cause of death Confirm type of cancer Look for inherited disease Complication of treatment Assess effect of drug Accurate classification of infectious disease Public health issues
