Introduction to Organics

Question 1

What is an hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

A compound made from hydrogen and carbon only

Question 2

What is the general formula?

Answer 2

An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds

Question 3

What is the empirical formula?

Answer 3

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound(Simplify the numbers)

Question 4

What is the molecular formula?

Answer 4

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 5

What is the displayed fromula?

Answer 5

Shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them

Question 6

What is the structural formula?

Answer 6

Shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups

Question 7

What is an homologous series

Answer 7

A group of compounds that can all be represented by the same general formula

Question 8

What is an functional group?

Answer 8

A group of atoms that determine how a compound typically reacts

Question 9

What is an isomer?

Answer 9

Have the sae molecular formula but the atoms are arranged differently(look different)

Question 10

What are the stems of the first 6 carbons?

Answer 10

Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex

Question 11

How does substitution work and which hydrocarbon is it applied to?

Answer 11

A halogen will react with an alkane to make haloalkanes. The halogen is substituted into the alkane.

Question 12

What is needed for substitution to take place?

Answer 12

UV light

Question 13

How does addition work and which hydrocarbon is it applied to?

Answer 13

Halogens can react with alkenes to make haloalkanes. The double bond is split and the halogen is added to each of the spare bonds

Question 14

What is crude oil?

Answer 14

A mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 15

How do we make crude oil usefull?

Answer 15

We use fractional distillation to separate the substances into different fractions by using there different boiling points

Question 16

Name the 6 fractions and their uses from top to bottom?

Answer 16

Refinery gases - Domestic heating
Gasoline - Fuel in cars
Kerosene - fuel in aircraft
Diesel - Fuel in larger vehicles
Fuel oil - Ship fuel
Bitumen - Surface roads

Question 17

What are the trends in the fractionating column with viscosity, boiling point and colour

Answer 17

As you go down the viscosity increases
As you go down the boiling point increases
As you go down the colour gets darker

Question 18

What is the equation for the complete combustion of an hydrocarbon?

Answer 18

Hydrocarbon + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

Question 19

What is the equation for the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

Answer 19

Hydrocarbon + (little oxygen) –> carbon + carbon monoxide + water

Question 20

Why is carbon monoxide poisonous?

Answer 20

It combines with red blood cells and stops the blood from carrying oxygen around the body.

Question 21

What are the conditions for cracking an hydrocarbon?

Answer 21

600-700 degrees and silica or alumina as a catalyst

Question 22

Why is cracking usefull?

Answer 22

The demand for shorter chain hydrocarbons is higher the for longer chain hydrocarbons

Question 23

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 23

CnH2n+2

Question 24

Why are alkanes classified as satrrated hydrocarbons?

Answer 24

Only forms single bonds

Question 25

Why are alkenes classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 25

Because the form double bonds

Question 25

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 25

CnH2n

Question 25

How can bromine water be used to distinguish between an alkane and an alkene?

Answer 25

An alkane will stay orange in bromine water but an alkene will turn the solution colourless

Question 26

How is an addition polymer formed?

Answer 26

When many monomers join together

Question 27

What is the problem with addition polymers?

Answer 27

They air inert and can’t biodegrade
They produce toxic gases when burnt