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Chemistry > Acids, alkalis and salts > Flashcards

Acids, alkalis and salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What colour will litmus paper turn in an acidic, alkaline and neutral solution?

A

Red in acidic, purple in neutral and blue in alkaline

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2
Q

What colour will phenolphthalein turn in acidic and alkaline solutions?

A

Colourless in acidic and bright pink in alkaline

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3
Q

What colour will methyl orange turn in acidic and alkaline solutions?

A

Red in acidic and yellow in alkaline

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4
Q

What is an acid?

A

An acid is a source of hydrogen ions. They are proton donors.

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5
Q

What is an base/alkali?

A

A base/alkali is a proton acceptor and a source of hydroxide ions.

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6
Q

What can neutralise an acid?

A

An alkali/base

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7
Q

What is the equation for an reaction with an acid and a base?

A

Acid + base –> salt + water

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8
Q

Acid + metal oxide –>

A

Salt + water

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9
Q

Acid + metal hydroxide –> Salt + water

A

Salt + water

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10
Q

Acid + ammonia –>

A

Ammonium salt

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11
Q

Acid + metal carbonate –>

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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12
Q

Are common salts of sodium potassium and ammonium soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

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13
Q

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

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14
Q

Are common chlorides soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble, except for silver chloride and lead chloride

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15
Q

Are common sulphates soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble, except for lead, barium and calcium sulphate

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16
Q

Are common carbonates soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble, except for sodium, potassiumm and ammonium

17
Q

Are common hydroxides soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble, except for sodium, potassium and calcium

18
Q

How do you make an insoluble salt?

A

React two soluble salts together to get an insoluble salt.

19
Q

How to make an soluble salt?

A

1) React an acid that contains one of the ions that you want in the salt with an insoluble base that contains the other ion
2) Heat the acid in a water bath
3) Add the base to the acid and this will form an soluble salt
4) Filter off the excess solid to get a solution with only the salt and the water
5) Heat the solution to evaporate some of the water. Leave the solution to cool and allow the salt to crystallise. Filter off the solid salt and leave to dry

20
Q

How do you carry out an titration?

A

1) Using a pipette and a pipette filler add 25cm3 of an alkali to a conical flask along with 2 or 3 drops of indicator
2) Fill a burette with the acid
3) Using the burette add the acid to the alkali slowly while swirling .
4) The indicator will change colour when all the alkali has been neutralised.
5) Record the volume of acid and repeat the test

Chemistry (14 decks)

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