Introduction to Nervous System

Question 1

3 types of nervous systems

Answer 1

1. Central
2. Peripheral (somatic)
3. . Autonomic
4. Enteric

Question 2

2 types of autonomic NS

Answer 2

1. Sympathetic

2. Parasympathetic

Question 3

Peripheral NS aka?

Answer 3

Somatic

Question 4

CNS is located in?

Answer 4

Brain and spinal cord

Question 5

Components of PNS (peripheral NS)

Answer 5

1. Sensory cells
2. Afferent and efferent neurons
3. Ganglia

Question 6

3 plexuses of enteric nervous system

Answer 6

1. Myenteric
2. Submucosal
3. Mucosal

Question 7

Supportive cells of neuroglia

Answer 7

Neuroglia

Question 8

Neuroglia of CNS

Answer 8

1. Astrocytes

2. Oligodendrocytes

Question 9

Neuroglia of PNS

Answer 9

1. Schwann cells

2. Satellite cells

Question 10

Reflex arcs are stereotypic. What does stereotypic mean?

Answer 10

Certain stimulus will always produce same response

Question 11

Reflex arc contains?

Answer 11

1. Sensors
2. Afferent limb
3. Integration / processing
4. Efferent limb
5. Effect organ

Question 12

2 examples of sensors of reflex arc

Answer 12

1. Intrafusal fiber

2. Annulospiral nerve ending

Question 13

Example of reflex arc afferent limb

Answer 13

Myelinated neuron

Question 14

Example of reflex arc integration/processing

Answer 14

Central NS

Question 15

Example of reflex arc efferent limb

Answer 15

Myelinated neuron

Question 16

Example of reflex arc effector organ

Answer 16

Muscle via neuro-muscular junction

Question 17

Components of prototypical nerve

Answer 17

1. Dendrites (sensory/receptor)
2. Soma (cell body)
3. Axon hillock
4. Axon
5. Axon terminal

Question 18

Soma is the?

Answer 18

Cell body of neuron / metabolic center → location of neurotransmitter synthesis

Question 19

Axon hillock is?

Answer 19

Where axon joins to soma

Question 20

Where are receptors located on nerve? / What are the primary sensory components of nerve?

Answer 20

1. Dendrites

2. Soma

Question 21

What part of the nerve is the “decision making point” in signal transmission?

Answer 21

Axon hillock

Question 22

Axons actively/passively conduct information

Answer 22

Actively

Question 23

What is the site of excitation-secretion coupling?

Answer 23

Axon terminal

Question 24

What may be the site of neurotransmitter uptake?

Answer 24

Axon terminal

Question 25

What part of presynaptic receptor modulates neurotransmitter release?

Answer 25

Axon terminal

Question 26

Terminal bouton refers to?

Answer 26

Axon terminal

Question 27

Pre-synaptic cell membrane contains what type of channels?

Answer 27

Voltage-sensitive Ca channels

Question 28

What separates pre- and post-synaptic cells?

Answer 28

Synaptic cleft

Question 29

Post-synaptic cell membrane contains what type of receptor and channel?

Answer 29

Ionotropic nt receptor

Voltage-sensitive cation channels

Question 30

Xref = ?

Answer 30

[outside]

Question 31

Xsense = ?

Answer 31

[inside]

Question 32

In Shultz’s equation, which concentration is on top? (of the ln[x]/[y] thing)

Answer 32

Outside

Question 33

Ex is the?

Answer 33

Electro-chemical potential for ion ‘x’

Question 34

Units of Ex?

Answer 34

Volts

Question 35

z = ?

Answer 35

Valence

Question 36

Neuroglia are support cells. What are 3 of their roles?

Answer 36

1. Insular for electrical conduction
2. Direct axonal regeneration
3. Modulate extracellular compsition

Question 37

Roles of astrocytes

Answer 37

1. Physically support neurons
2. Scaffold in fetal development
3. Form scar tissue
4. Maintain ECF concentration via reuptake of excess K
5. Reuptake and degradation of Nts and provide their precursors
6. Part of blood-brain barrier

Question 38

Oligodendrocyte function

Answer 38

Form CNS myelin sheath

Question 39

Microglia function

Answer 39

Phagocytosis

Question 40

Ependymal cell function

Answer 40

1. Line internal brain and spinal cord cavities
2. Part of cerebrospinal fluid
3. Neural stem cels