Introduction to Mycology Flashcards
What is a fungus?
A eukaryotic, heterotrophic organism devoid of chlorophyll that obtains its nutrients by absorption, and reproduces by spores.
The primary carbohydrate storage product of fungi is glycogen.
Most fungi have a thallus composed of hyphae (sing. hypha) that elongate by tip growth
Characteristics of Fungi
Eukaryotic
Non-vascular organisms
Reproduce by means of spores, usually wind disseminated
Both sexual(meiotic) and asexual (mitotic) spores may be produced, depending on the species and conditions
Typically not motile, although a few(Chytrids) have a motile phase
Have alternation of generations like plants
More Characteristics of Fungi
Fungi are heterotrophic(“other feeding” must feed on preformed organic material)
Unlike animals(also heterotrophic), which must ingest, then digest, fungi digest then ingest
Fungi produce exoenzymes to accomplish this
Most store their food as glycogen like animals
Have cell membranes with unique sterol-ergosterol
Most have very small nuclei with little repetitive DNA
They synthesize chitin
Classification based on morphology
Yeast(unicellular) Yeast like Filamentous Mold(hyphae; mycelium) Septate Coenocytic (non septate) Dimorphic Yeast Mycelium
Fungi Life Cycle
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
The end result of both sexual and asexual reproduction is the formation of spores
Types of Asexual Spores
Sporangiospores—they are formed in an enclosed sac called sporangium
Conidia—borne naked on specialized hy-phae
Arthrospores
Chlamydospores
Conidiospores
Blastospores
Arthrospores
are formed by the fragmentation of septate hyphae
Chlamydospores
thick walled spores formed within a hyphae
Conidiospores
Produced in chains at the end of a conidiophore, Unicellular conidiospores are called microconida
Blastospores
an asexual pore formed by budding by yeasts cells
Asexual spores (sporangiospores)
Zygomycota
- Have separate hyphae
- Have sporangiospores in sporangia
Formed within a sac (sporangium) at the end of an arield hypha called a sporangiospore
Macronconidia
Multicellular conida axsexual spores
Antifungal Agents
- Polyene antibodtics
- Flucytosine - 5 flurouracil in fungus
- Imidazole derivatives
- KI and NaI
- Griseofulvin
- terbinafine
Polyene antibodies
Bind ergosterol, destroying the osmotic intgrity of the fungal cell membrane
Amphotericin B, Nystatin etc
Flucytosine
Incorporated into fungal RNA errors in RNA synthesis
Ancobon, etc