Introduction to microscopic anatomy

Question 1

What is histology?

Answer 1

the microscopic inspection of tissues

Question 2

what formula is used to fix tissue samples in?

Answer 2

Formalin (formaldehyde and water)

Question 3

What does processing involve?

Answer 3

Processing into a wax block - aids fixation.
Add alcohol to remove water.
Then add Xylene to remove the alcohol.
Then add paraffin to remove the xylene.

Question 4

What happens after processing?

Answer 4

embedding

Question 5

What does a microtome do?

Answer 5

makes slices

Question 6

The microtome cutting comes out crinkly sooo…what do you do?

Answer 6

Put it in hot water, and then place on a slide

Question 7

What colour is eosin stain?

Answer 7

Red/pink

Question 8

What colour is haemotoxilin stain?

Answer 8

purple

Question 9

What does haemotoxillin stain?

Answer 9

the nucleus

Question 10

What does Eosin stain?

Answer 10

cytoplasm

Question 11

Fat is removed in processing but what do we see on the slides?

Answer 11

the membranes of the fat cells

Question 12

What is Immunohistchemistry?

Answer 12

way to detect proteins on or in cells

Question 13

How does Immunohistochemistry work?

Answer 13

An antibody is made against the protein (Antigen) you’re interested in

Question 14

What colour is the antibody dyed used in immunohistochemistry?

Answer 14

brown

Question 15

What happens if a protein is present in Immunochemistry?

Answer 15

The slide goes brown.

If not it remains blue (background stain)

Question 16

What is a tissue?

Answer 16

a group of cells which are specialised to perform a particular function

Question 17

What is an organ?

Answer 17

an assembly of tissue for a specific function

Question 18

Epithelium tissue can be…

Answer 18

squamous or glandular

Question 19

What is epithelium?

Answer 19

Any cell which covers a surface which are anchored to a basement membrane

Question 20

Epithelium originates from which germ cell layers?

Answer 20

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

Question 21

Squamous looks like….

Answer 21

fish

Question 22

Columnar cells have their nuclei where?

Answer 22

towards the basement membrane

Question 23

Mesothelium originates from which germ cells?

Answer 23

The mesoderm

Question 24

Mesothelium is made of which cells?

Answer 24

squamous epithelium

Question 25

What does stratified epithelium mean?

Answer 25

lots of layers on top of each other

Question 26

what is the basement membrane made of?

Answer 26

collagen

Question 27

what is cytokeratin?

Answer 27

a protein which produces the internal scaffolding to epithelial cells