Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards
Define flexion
decreasing the angle at a joint
Define extension
increasing the angle at a joint
Define Adduction
movement of a limb towards the midline
Define Abduction
movement away from the midline
Pronation
turn down (Arms)
Supination
turn upwards. (Arms)
Elevation
life up shoulder
Depression
push shoulders down
Circumduction
movement of joint in circular motion
Rotation
movement around 1 point of axis
What are the four constituents of the thoracic cage
Ribs, Vertebrae and discs, sternum, costal cartilage
What is the function of the thoracic cage?
to protect viscera and aid muscle attachment
Which Ribs are the true ribs?
1-7
Which Ribs are the false ribs?
8-10
Which ribs are the floating ribs?
11-12
Which are your typical ribs?
3-9
Which are the atypical ribs?
1,2,10,11,12
what is a true rib?
Rib, costal cartilage, sternum
what are false ribs?
those which join the sternum by connecting to the cartilage of rib 7
What are the floating ribs?
no costal cartilage
end in musculature
attached just to the vertebra
What are the features of a typical rib?
Head with 2 facets, Neck, Tubercle, Body (Shaft) with costal grove (subcostal)
what is the role of the two Demi facets on the head of a typical Rib?
articulation with the vertebra
What is the role of the tubercle?
articulation with transverse processor on the vertebra
What is the purpose of the costal groove?
To carry a vein artery and nerve
What is the joint at the end of the rib?
costochondral joint
The thoracic vertebra is composed of which two processes?
the transverse processes and the spinous processes
What are the facets on the transverse processors?
costal facets
What part of the vertebrae points inferiorly?
the spinous process
How many thoracic vertebrae do we have?
12
What is the role of the intervertebral discs?
shock absorbers (cartilage)
Which two joints aid the movement of the ribs up when breathing in?
Costovertabral joint and costotransverse joint
What does the Costochondral joint do?
joins rib and cartilage
What do the intercondral joint do?
where the costal cartilages join together
What do the Sternocostal joints do?
where the costal cartilage joins the sternum
What do the sternoclavicular joints do?
Join the sternum to the clavicles
The transverse process articulates with which part of the rib? and what joint is this
The tubercle
COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT
Two adjacent vertabrae articulate with what to form the COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINT?
the head of the rib, its Demi facets
What is the origin or proximal attachment of the pectoralis major?
Clavicle and sternum
What is the insertion or distal attachment of the pectoralis major?
Humerus
What are the two functions of the pectoralis major?
Adducts humerus
Medially rotates humerus
What is the pectoralis major’s innervation?
Lateral and Medial Pectoral nerves
What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?
Ribs 3,4,5
What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?
Coracoid process of scapula
What is the function of the pectoralis minor?
Stabilises the scapula
What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?
Medial pectoral nerves
What are the three layers of intercostal muscle?
External, Internal and Innermost
What direction do the external intercostal muscles go in?
(hands in front pockets)
In anterior inferior direction
What direction do the internal intercostal muscles go in?
(hands in back pocket)
In posterior inferior direction
What supplies the intercostal muscles?
intercostal artery, vein and nerve which run in the subcostal groove
What is the origin of the serratus anterior?
Ribs 1-8
What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?
medial border of the scapula
What is the function of the serratus anterior?
Protracts the scapula
punch forward
What is the serratus anterior’s innervation?
Long thoracic nerve
What 2 arteries supply the thoracic wall?
Thoracic aorta ——————>posterior intercostal arteries
Subclavian artery —> Anterior intercostal arteries
