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THEME 1 > Introduction to Anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Define flexion

A

decreasing the angle at a joint

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2
Q

Define extension

A

increasing the angle at a joint

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3
Q

Define Adduction

A

movement of a limb towards the midline

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4
Q

Define Abduction

A

movement away from the midline

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5
Q

Pronation

A

turn down (Arms)

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6
Q

Supination

A

turn upwards. (Arms)

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7
Q

Elevation

A

life up shoulder

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8
Q

Depression

A

push shoulders down

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9
Q

Circumduction

A

movement of joint in circular motion

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10
Q

Rotation

A

movement around 1 point of axis

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11
Q

What are the four constituents of the thoracic cage

A

Ribs, Vertebrae and discs, sternum, costal cartilage

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12
Q

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

A

to protect viscera and aid muscle attachment

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13
Q

Which Ribs are the true ribs?

A

1-7

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14
Q

Which Ribs are the false ribs?

A

8-10

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15
Q

Which ribs are the floating ribs?

A

11-12

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16
Q

Which are your typical ribs?

A

3-9

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17
Q

Which are the atypical ribs?

A

1,2,10,11,12

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18
Q

what is a true rib?

A

Rib, costal cartilage, sternum

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19
Q

what are false ribs?

A

those which join the sternum by connecting to the cartilage of rib 7

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20
Q

What are the floating ribs?

A

no costal cartilage
end in musculature
attached just to the vertebra

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21
Q

What are the features of a typical rib?

A

Head with 2 facets, Neck, Tubercle, Body (Shaft) with costal grove (subcostal)

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22
Q

what is the role of the two Demi facets on the head of a typical Rib?

A

articulation with the vertebra

23
Q

What is the role of the tubercle?

A

articulation with transverse processor on the vertebra

24
Q

What is the purpose of the costal groove?

A

To carry a vein artery and nerve

25
Q

What is the joint at the end of the rib?

A

costochondral joint

26
Q

The thoracic vertebra is composed of which two processes?

A

the transverse processes and the spinous processes

27
Q

What are the facets on the transverse processors?

A

costal facets

28
Q

What part of the vertebrae points inferiorly?

A

the spinous process

29
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae do we have?

A

12

30
Q

What is the role of the intervertebral discs?

A

shock absorbers (cartilage)

31
Q

Which two joints aid the movement of the ribs up when breathing in?

A

Costovertabral joint and costotransverse joint

32
Q

What does the Costochondral joint do?

A

joins rib and cartilage

33
Q

What do the intercondral joint do?

A

where the costal cartilages join together

34
Q

What do the Sternocostal joints do?

A

where the costal cartilage joins the sternum

35
Q

What do the sternoclavicular joints do?

A

Join the sternum to the clavicles

36
Q

The transverse process articulates with which part of the rib? and what joint is this

A

The tubercle

COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT

37
Q

Two adjacent vertabrae articulate with what to form the COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINT?

A

the head of the rib, its Demi facets

38
Q

What is the origin or proximal attachment of the pectoralis major?

A

Clavicle and sternum

39
Q

What is the insertion or distal attachment of the pectoralis major?

A

Humerus

40
Q

What are the two functions of the pectoralis major?

A

Adducts humerus

Medially rotates humerus

41
Q

What is the pectoralis major’s innervation?

A

Lateral and Medial Pectoral nerves

42
Q

What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?

A

Ribs 3,4,5

43
Q

What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

44
Q

What is the function of the pectoralis minor?

A

Stabilises the scapula

45
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerves

46
Q

What are the three layers of intercostal muscle?

A

External, Internal and Innermost

47
Q

What direction do the external intercostal muscles go in?

A

(hands in front pockets)

In anterior inferior direction

48
Q

What direction do the internal intercostal muscles go in?

A

(hands in back pocket)

In posterior inferior direction

49
Q

What supplies the intercostal muscles?

A

intercostal artery, vein and nerve which run in the subcostal groove

50
Q

What is the origin of the serratus anterior?

A

Ribs 1-8

51
Q

What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

medial border of the scapula

52
Q

What is the function of the serratus anterior?

A

Protracts the scapula

punch forward

53
Q

What is the serratus anterior’s innervation?

A

Long thoracic nerve

54
Q

What 2 arteries supply the thoracic wall?

A

Thoracic aorta ——————>posterior intercostal arteries

Subclavian artery —> Anterior intercostal arteries

THEME 1 (10 decks)

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