Introduction to microbiology + infectious diseases Flashcards
1
Q
What are infectious diseases caused by?
A
bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and prions
2
Q
What are some key historical diseases in animals?
A
- 1920s rinderpest (middle east and south-eastern africa)
- 1983 chicken/pennsylvania/83 influenza virus (H5N2)
- 1999 Nipaph virus ( 1 million pigs killed in malaysia)
3
Q
What is morbidity?
A
the amount/rate of disease within a population
4
Q
What does endemic mean?
A
consistently present (within a specified region) e.g mastitis,
5
Q
What are zoonotic diseases?
A
zoonoses are infections acquired by humans from animals (or vice versa)
6
Q
What are some examples of zoonotic diseases?
A
- rabies
- salmonella
- cat scratch disease (bartonella)
- infections acquired from animal bites (pasteurella multocida)
7
Q
What is a pathogen?
A
organism with the ability to cause disease; may be differant strains
8
Q
What are some non specific defence mechanisms the host may use to protect themselves?
A
- skin
- normal flora
- flushing of body fluids
- hostile environments (gut)
- phagocytosis
9
Q
What are some specific defence mechanisms?
A
- antibody response
- cell-mediated response
- cytokines
10
Q
What are some types of horizontal transmission?
A
- close contact/body fluids
- sexually transmitted
- aerosol/respiratory
11
Q
What are some types of indirect transmission?
A
- vector-borne
- food-borne
- environmental contamination
