Animal cell structure and function Flashcards
What does the nucleus comprise of?
Nuclear membrane with nuclear pores
Nucleolus
DNA material
Nucleoplasm
What is the function of the nucleus?
the nucleus contains DNA and is the site of DNA replication and DNA transcription
What is the function of ribesomes?
ribesomes are the site of protein synthesis
What is the structure of ribesomes?
complex of proteins and ribosomal RNAs with 2 subunits (large and small subunit)
What are ‘bound’ ribesomes?
ribesomes that are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
What are ‘free’ ribesomes?
ribesomes that are located within the cytoplasm, unbound
What is the function of the RER?
main function of RER is protein synthesis (on ribesomes)
What are some examples of post-translational modifications?
- Formation of disulfide bonds
- addition and processing of carbohydrates
- specific proteolytic cleavages
- assembly into multimeric proteins
- proper folding
What is the function of mitochondria?
essential for energy production, they harness ATP from the oxidation of food molecules
What important metabolic pathways take place in the mitochondria?
- oxidative phosphorylation
- electron transport chain
- krebs cycle
What is the structure of the mitochondria?
consist of an outer membrane and an inner membrane, the inner membrane is highly convoluted(cisternae); inner and outer membrane are separated by an inner membrane space
What are lysosomes?
organelles involved in degradation of molecules and waste
What do hydrolases degrade?
- proteins
- nucleic acids
- carbohydrates
- lipids
What 3 structures does the cytoskeleton comprise of?
microfilements
microtubules
intermediate filaments
What are the 3 main classes of membrane lipids?
Phospholipids - majority
Cholesterol - 15% of lipid content
Glycolipids - 5% of lipid content
