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1.1 Getting started > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

3 examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose, Fructose, Ribose

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2
Q

3 examples of disaccharides

A

Lactose, Sucrose, Maltose

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3
Q

How many units do oligosaccharides consist of?

A

3-10

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4
Q

3 examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen

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5
Q

What bonds hold together polymers of glucose molecules?

A

Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds

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6
Q

Where are carbohydrates found in the body?

A

Muscle, liver (as glycogen) and blood glucose

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7
Q

3 functions of carbohydrates

A
  1. Serve the body as fuel
  2. Supply carbons for synthesis of cell components
  3. Form structural components of cells
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8
Q

What is the main form of starch?

A

Amylose

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9
Q

How is excess glucose stored in plants?

A

As starch

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10
Q

What bonds give glycogen its branched structure?

A

1-6 alpha glycosidic bonds

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11
Q

How do herbivores digest cellulose?

A

Microbial fermentation

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11
Q

What is the storage form of glucose in animals?

A

Glycogen

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12
Q

What is cellulose an important source of?

A

fibre

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13
Q

What type of bonds hold glucose monomers together in cellulose?

A

beta 1-4 glycosidic bond

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14
Q

Who cannot hydrolyse beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds?

A

non-ruminants

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15
Q

What are the important roles of lipids?

A

Membrane structure
Animal insulation
Hormone synthesis
Vitamin synthesis

16
Q

What are the 4 main types of lipids?

A

Triacylglycerols/triglycerides
Phospholipids
Sterols
Glycolipids

17
Q

What are triacylglycerols made up of?

A

a glycerol molecule, joined by three fatty acids

18
Q

What do fatty acids consist of?

A

Long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid at one end and methyl group at the other end

19
Q

What does amphiphatic mean?

A

A molecule with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains

20
Q

What are the 3 factors that determine whether a compound is solid or liquid?

A

chain length
degree of saturation
shape

21
Q

What are nonessential fatty acids?

A

What are nonessential fatty acids?

22
Q

What are essential fatty acids?

A

fatty acids that cannot be synthesised and must be obtained through diet

23
Q

What do phospholipids consist of?

A

two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone

24
Q

Which molecules form the main components of the cell membrane?

A

phospholipids

25
Q

What is the plasma membrane made up of?

A

phospholipids and proteins

26
Q

How does glycogen differ from cellulose?

A

Cellulose structure differs from glycogen in that the glucose monomers are held together by beta bonds not alpha bonds

27
Q

3 examples of important phospholipids

A

Phosphatidyl choline
Phosphatidyl serine
Phosphatidyl inositol

28
Q

What do glycolipids consist of?

A

lipids with an attached carbohydrate group

29
Q

What are some functions of glycolipids?

A

protection
immunity to infection
transplant compatibility
cell adhesion

30
Q

What are proteins comprised of?

A

amino acids

31
Q

What 5 elements do amino acids contain?

A

central carbon atom
side chain
hydrogen
nitrogen - containing amino group
carboxylic acid

32
Q

Amino acids are joined together by what bonds?

A

peptide bonds

33
Q

Proteins can function as

A

Enzymes
Hormones
Receptors

34
Q

What do proteins play a role in?

A

cell structure
the immune system
transport
synthesis of other molecules

35
Q

What are the 3 basic components of a nucleotide?

A

phosphate group
5-carbon sugar molecule
base

36
Q

What are the 2 types of bases?

A

purines and pyramidines

37
Q

What bonds join nucleotides together?

A

phosphodiester bonds

38
Q
A

1.1 Getting started (31 decks)

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