Introduction to Microbiology

Question 1

Study of very small living organisms

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

Remember:

Answer 2

More microorganisms in the body than body cells.

Question 3

Encompasses the subjects of sterilization and preservation against microbial spoilage and with the responsibility for the safe hygienic manufacture and use of medicines..

Answer 3

Pharmaceutical Microbiology

Question 4

Involved in finding ways of identifying, preventing and treating bacterial diseases.

Answer 4

Medical and Public Health Microbiology

Question 5

Discoverers during Early Years of Microbiology

Answer 5

Robert Hooke
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Carolus Linnaeus

Question 6

Life’s smallest structural units were “little boxes” or “cells” using his improved microscope.

Answer 6

Robert Hooke

Question 7

Cell theory in cork

Answer 7

Robert Hooke

Question 8

Father of bacteriology and protozoology

Answer 8

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 9

Dutch merchant and amateur scientist

Answer 9

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 10

Single lens microscope

Answer 10

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 11

Cells as “animalcules” and “Beasties”

Answer 11

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 12

Father of taxonomy

Answer 12

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 13

Discoverers during Golden Age of Microbiology

Answer 13

Aristotle
John Needham
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Rudolf Virchow
Louis Pasteur

Question 14

Recite the different Cell Theory

Answer 14

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cell
2. A cell is the basic structural unit of living organism
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 15

Spontaneous Generation also known as

Answer 15

Abiogenesis

Question 16

Hypothetical process in which scientists and philosophers believed that some forms of life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter.

Answer 16

Spontaneous Generation

Question 17

Equivocal generation

Answer 17

Aristotle

Question 18

Found that even after he heated chicken broth and corn broth before pouring them into loosely covered flasks, the cooled solutions were teeming with microorganisms.

Answer 18

John Needham/Tuberville

Question 19

Showed that nutrient fluids heated after being sealed in a flask did not develop microbial growth.

Answer 19

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Question 20

Challenged the case of spontaneous generation with the concept of biogenesis, hypothesizing that living cells arise only from preexisting living cells.

Answer 20

Rudolf Virchow

Question 21

Arguments about spontaneous generation continued until

Answer 21

1861

Question 22

The spontaneous generation issue was finally resolved by

Answer 22

Louis Pasteur

Question 23

Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air and contaminate sterile solutions, but that air itself does not create microbes.

Answer 23

Louis Pasteur

Question 24

He found out that microorganisms called yeasts convert the sugars to alcohol in the
absence of air.

Answer 24

Louis Pasteur

Question 25

This process is used to make wine and beer.

Answer 25

Fermentation

Question 26

Souring and spoilage are caused by different microorganisms called

Answer 26

Bacteria

Question 27

Types of Pasteurization

Answer 27

LTLP - low temperature, low time pasteurization
HTLP - high temperature, low time pasteurization

Question 28

Details about LTLP and HTLP

Answer 28

LTLP - 63°C , 30mins , for milk products
HTLP - 72°C , 15mins , for fruit juice

Question 29

A heat treatment process that aims to kill or deactivate harmful microorganisms.

Answer 29

Pasteurization

Question 30

Robert Koch discovered a rod shaped bacteria in the blood of cattle that had died of anthrax, and that bacteria known as

Answer 30

Bacillus anthracis

Question 31

A sequence of experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe of a specific disease.

Answer 31

Koch’s Postulates

Question 32

Four Postulates of Koch:

Answer 32

a. Microorganism should be present in the diseased animals and not present in health animal
b. Cultivate the microorganism away from animal in pure culture
c. Symptoms of the disease should appear in the health animal after being inoculated by the culture of microorganism
d. Isolate the microorganism and culture

Question 33

Demonstrated that physicians, who at the time did not disinfect their hands, routinely transmitted infections from one obstetrical patient to another.

Answer 33

Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 34

Disinfectants were not used at the time, but he knew that phenol kills bacteria, so he began treating surgical wounds with a phenol solution

Answer 34

Joseph Lister

Question 35

The first antibiotic was discovered by accident by whom?

Answer 35

Alexander Fleming

Question 36

Fleming was looking at a mild that inhibited growth of a bacterium. The mold became known as

Answer 36

Penicillium Chrysogenum

Question 37

active inhibitor of penicillium chrysogenum was called

Answer 37

Penicillin

Question 38

Discovered a way to protect people from smallpox.

Answer 38

Edward Jenner

Question 39

The protection from disease provided by vaccination is called

Answer 39

Immunity

Question 40

“Vacca” means

Answer 40

Cow

Question 41

Discovered salvarsan

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Paul Ehrlich

Question 42

Symbiotic Relationship

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Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

Question 43

Process of Pasteurization

Answer 43

Preparation
Heating
Holding
Cooling
Packaging

Question 44

Red meat

Answer 44

Francisco Redi
Louis Pasteur