Introduction to Microbiology Flashcards
Study of very small living organisms
Microbiology
Remember:
More microorganisms in the body than body cells.
Encompasses the subjects of sterilization and preservation against microbial spoilage and with the responsibility for the safe hygienic manufacture and use of medicines..
Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Involved in finding ways of identifying, preventing and treating bacterial diseases.
Medical and Public Health Microbiology
Discoverers during Early Years of Microbiology
Robert Hooke
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Carolus Linnaeus
Life’s smallest structural units were “little boxes” or “cells” using his improved microscope.
Robert Hooke
Cell theory in cork
Robert Hooke
Father of bacteriology and protozoology
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Dutch merchant and amateur scientist
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Single lens microscope
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Cells as “animalcules” and “Beasties”
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Father of taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus
Discoverers during Golden Age of Microbiology
Aristotle
John Needham
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Rudolf Virchow
Louis Pasteur
Recite the different Cell Theory
- All living organisms are composed of one or more cell
- A cell is the basic structural unit of living organism
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Spontaneous Generation also known as
Abiogenesis
Hypothetical process in which scientists and philosophers believed that some forms of life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter.
Spontaneous Generation
Equivocal generation
Aristotle
Found that even after he heated chicken broth and corn broth before pouring them into loosely covered flasks, the cooled solutions were teeming with microorganisms.
John Needham/Tuberville
Showed that nutrient fluids heated after being sealed in a flask did not develop microbial growth.
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Challenged the case of spontaneous generation with the concept of biogenesis, hypothesizing that living cells arise only from preexisting living cells.
Rudolf Virchow
Arguments about spontaneous generation continued until
1861
The spontaneous generation issue was finally resolved by
Louis Pasteur
Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air and contaminate sterile solutions, but that air itself does not create microbes.
Louis Pasteur
He found out that microorganisms called yeasts convert the sugars to alcohol in the
absence of air.
Louis Pasteur
This process is used to make wine and beer.
Fermentation
Souring and spoilage are caused by different microorganisms called
Bacteria
Types of Pasteurization
LTLP - low temperature, low time pasteurization
HTLP - high temperature, low time pasteurization
Details about LTLP and HTLP
LTLP - 63°C , 30mins , for milk products
HTLP - 72°C , 15mins , for fruit juice
A heat treatment process that aims to kill or deactivate harmful microorganisms.
Pasteurization
Robert Koch discovered a rod shaped bacteria in the blood of cattle that had died of anthrax, and that bacteria known as
Bacillus anthracis
A sequence of experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe of a specific disease.
Koch’s Postulates
Four Postulates of Koch:
a. Microorganism should be present in the diseased animals and not present in health animal
b. Cultivate the microorganism away from animal in pure culture
c. Symptoms of the disease should appear in the health animal after being inoculated by the culture of microorganism
d. Isolate the microorganism and culture
Demonstrated that physicians, who at the time did not disinfect their hands, routinely transmitted infections from one obstetrical patient to another.
Ignaz Semmelweis
Disinfectants were not used at the time, but he knew that phenol kills bacteria, so he began treating surgical wounds with a phenol solution
Joseph Lister
The first antibiotic was discovered by accident by whom?
Alexander Fleming
Fleming was looking at a mild that inhibited growth of a bacterium. The mold became known as
Penicillium Chrysogenum
active inhibitor of penicillium chrysogenum was called
Penicillin
Discovered a way to protect people from smallpox.
Edward Jenner
The protection from disease provided by vaccination is called
Immunity
“Vacca” means
Cow
Discovered salvarsan
Paul Ehrlich
Symbiotic Relationship
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Process of Pasteurization
Preparation
Heating
Holding
Cooling
Packaging
Red meat
Francisco Redi
Louis Pasteur
