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MICROPARA LEC > Bacteriology (part2) > Flashcards

Bacteriology (part2) Flashcards

1
Q

Known to hemolyze RBC (Red Blood cell)

A

Streptococci

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2
Q

complete disruption of erythrocytes with clearing of the blood around the bacterial growth

A

Alpha hemolysis

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3
Q

incomplete lysis of the erythrocytes with reduction of hemoglobin and formation of green pigment

A

Beta hemolysis

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4
Q

non-hemolytic

A

Gamma hemolysis

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5
Q

Disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

A

-Cellulitis
-Streptococcal pyoderma
-Necrotizing fasciitis (Streptococcal gangrene)
-Tonsilitis
-Pharyngitis
-Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
-Scarlet fever
-Rheumatic fever

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6
Q

An acute rapidly spreading infection of the skin and SC tissues. Due to mild trauma, burns, wounds or surgical incisions

A

Cellulitis

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7
Q

Enters through abrasions and wounds infecting the tissue

A

Streptococcal pyoderma

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8
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes Usually susceptible to

A

Bacitracin

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9
Q

β hemolytic streptococci

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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10
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes is known as

A

β-hemolytic Group A streptococci

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11
Q

Transforms plasminogen of human
plasma into plasmin, an active proteolytic enzyme that digests fibrin and other proteins allowing the bacteria to escape from blood clots

A

Streptokinase (Fibrinolysin)

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12
Q

promotes hemolysis

A

Hemolysins

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13
Q

small, flattened red patches that develop into oozing pus-filled vesicles on a red base

A

Impetigo

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14
Q

Tx under streptococcal pyoderma

A

Tx: Topical mupirocin, oral erythromycin, and dicloxacillin

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15
Q

Extensive and very rapidly spreading necrosis of the skin, tissues and fascia “Flesh-eating bacteria” other name of Group A streptococci that causes necrotizing fasciitis

A

Necrotizing fasciitis (Streptococcal gangrene)

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16
Q

Tx under Necrotizing fasciitis (Streptococcal gangrene)

A

Tx: Immediate IV broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs; removal o
necrotic tissue; clindamycin + PCN

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17
Q

Swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, tender lymph nodes

A

Tonsilitis

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18
Q

intense redness and edema of the mucus membranes, with purulent exudates, enlarged and tender lymph nodes and high fever

A

Pharyngitis

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19
Q

Shock, bacteremia, respiratory failure and multiorgan failure. Tend to occur after minor trauma with several presentations of soft tissue infections

A

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

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20
Q

Scarlet fever is caused by

A

pyrogenic exotoxins A-C

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21
Q

Diagnosing of scarlet fever

A

(+) Quellung test and Optochin test

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22
Q

Tx under scarlet fever

A

Tx: Penicillin (DOC); erythromycin, cephalosporin

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23
Q

Surgery removing tonsil

A

Tonsillectomy

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24
Q

Autoimmune disease. Can damage the heart valves and muscles especially if pharyngitis or tonsillitis is not treated well or if there is recurrent streptococcal infections

A

Rheumatic fever

25
Q

Tx under Rheumatic fever

A

Treatment: Uniformly susceptible to Pen G; Macrolides such as
erythromycin and clindamycin – used for patients who are allergic to
penicillin and for necrotizing fasciitis

26
Q

Part of the normal vaginal flora and lower GIT in women

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

27
Q

Disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Disease: neonatal sepsis and meningitis; UTI

28
Q

Tx under Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Tx: IV Ampicillin

29
Q

Lancet-shaped diplococci and α hemolytic

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

30
Q

Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) or Hospital Acquired
Pneumonia (HAP)

31
Q

Tx under Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

PCN, Erythromycin

32
Q

Helical shape, flexible and Contain two or more axial filaments

A

Spirochete

33
Q

Two or more axial filaments

A

Endoflagella

34
Q

Disease caused by Treponema pallidum

A

Syphilis

35
Q

Enzyme in Treponema pallidum

A

hyaluronidase

36
Q

Formation of a chancre at the site of infection. In 1/3 of populations, the disappearance of the chancre
is the end of the disease

A

Primary syphilis

37
Q

Untreated syphilis has four phases:

A

Primary
Secondary
Latent
Tertiary

38
Q

Treponema has invaded the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body Rash lesions are filled with spirochetes and are extremely contagious

A

Secondary syphilis

39
Q

After several weeks r months, the rash gradually disappears

A

Latent syphilis

40
Q

Gummas.
Destruction of cardiovascular and CNS tissue, personality changes, insanity, and blindness

A

Tertiary syphilis

41
Q

Results when Treponema crosses the placenta from an infected mother to her fetus.

A

Congenital syphilis

42
Q

Tx under treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin G (IV); Ceftriaxone if allergic to PCN

43
Q

Prevention for syphilis

A

Prevention: sexual abstinence, mutual monogamy, use condoms

44
Q

Disease caused by Borrelia

A

Lyme Disease and Relapsing fever

45
Q

Lyme disease caused by

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

46
Q

Treatment for Lyme disease

A

Doxycycline, PCN, or Amoxicillin; antibiotic treatment for three to four weeks if the disease is caught early

47
Q

Prevention for Lyme disease

A

Prevention: Wear light-colored, tight-fitting clothes outdoors to limit tick exposure, use tick repellent, promptly remove ticks, examine skin for ticks and bites and avoid tick infested areas.

48
Q

Relapsing fever is caused by

A

Borrelia recurrentis

49
Q

Tx for Relapsing fever

A

Treatment: TCN and Erythromycin

50
Q

Aerobic spirochete

A

Leptospira interrogans

51
Q

Disease caused by Leptospira interrogans

A

Leptospirosis

52
Q

Tx for Leptospirosis

A

Treatment: Oral doxycycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, or IV
ampicillin for more severe cases

53
Q

Prevention for Leptospirosis

A

Prevention: use of rodent controls, and avoid water contaminated
with animal urine. A vaccine is available for pets and livestock

54
Q

Most common bacterial food-borne intestinal disease

A

Campylobacter diarrhea

55
Q

Tx for Campylobacter diarrhea

A

Tx: Most cases resolve without treatment; for severe cases Azithromycin is given

56
Q

Prevention for Campylobacter diarrhea

A

Prevention: culinary hygiene

57
Q

Disease caused by Helicobacter pylori

A

Peptic ulcer

58
Q

Tx for Peptic ulcer

A

Tx: Quadruple therapy (PPI with bismuth, Metronidazole and Tetracycline)

59
Q

Prevention gor peptic ulcer

A

Prevention: Good personal hygiene, adequate sanitation and proper food handling to decrease fecal-oral transmission, and lifestyle changes

MICROPARA LEC (7 decks)

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