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Higher Photography > Introduction to Light > Flashcards

Introduction to Light Flashcards

1
Q

light has several different properties, these include?

A
  • quantity
  • colour
  • direction
  • quality
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2
Q

what is the quality of light?

A

the amount of light that is measured and is measured by a light meter.

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3
Q

what is colour of light?

A

the colour or ‘hue’ of the light

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4
Q

what is the changes of colour often referred to?

A

colour temper or colour balance of daylight.

cameras pick up the colour difference

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5
Q

how do you detect the colour balance of daylight?

A

look at the colour of any shadows.

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6
Q

light direction

sun is normally above the eye-line, because of this what happens?

A

light normally comes from above the subject.

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7
Q

light direction

what happens when the light direction if it is below the subject?

A

gives a very unnatural appearance, commonly known as horror lighting.

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8
Q

quality of light

what does soft light produce?

A

gentle mid-tone shadows of low contrast.

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9
Q

what does soft light project?

A

low contrast and low colour saturation

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10
Q

what is soft light traditionally used to photograph?

A

women to emphasise their soft nature.

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11
Q

what does hard light produce?

A

crisp dark shadow with high contrast.

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12
Q

what does hard light project?

A

high contrast and high colour saturation

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13
Q

what is hard light traditionally used to photograph?

A

men to emphasise their power and masculinity.

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14
Q

what is a histogram?

A

a graphical representation of the tonal range in your image. the left side of the graph represents the blacks or shadow, the right side represents the highlights or bright areas and the middle represents the mid-tones (middle or grey)

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15
Q

what does height of the peaks of the graph?

A

represents the number of pixels of a particular tone

each tone from 0-255

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16
Q

what is clipping?

A

spike up the left or right edge of the histograms indicate “clipping” of that tone nd loss of detail in that area are often unrecoverable especially in highlights

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17
Q

in what cases may it not be possible to keep the graph within the acceptable range?

A

scenes with great contrast such as she thought, bright sunlight and deep shadows and in all the those cases, you will not be able to keep from clipping the black or white or both

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18
Q

what does histograms tell us about exposure?

A

an image is well exposed if it reaches fully from edge to edge without a gap on one side of the graph, and it isn’t heavily going up one side or the other. the graph should have a nice arch in the centre and just touch left and right edges of the histogram.

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19
Q

what is tonal range?

A

the range of tones between the lightest and darkest areas of an image.

  • an image with a wide tonal range will have both very dark and very light elements within the photograph.
  • an image with a narrow tonal range will be more limited in it tonal scope to mid ranges (shades of grey)
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20
Q

how is high let photography identified?

A

by bright lighting that greatly reduces and sometimes shadow

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21
Q

what’s the features of dynamic range?

A

predominantly toward the right side of a histogram

creatively creates a mood that is lighthearted, ethereal or beautiful

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22
Q

when is high key photography typically used?

A

in high fashion, product or studio produced images. distracting elements in the background get eliminated and typically high key images contain on the main subject. many times the background is entirely white and images are often minimalist

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23
Q

what is monochrome high key?

A

more prevalent and when there is colour used it is typically subdued or used as an accent

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24
Q

what kind of environment does producing high key images make easy?

A

where you have full control of lightning

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25
Q

what is the comparison of high key to low key lighting?

A

high key image, where most of the tones are above (lighter than) 50% grey, a low key portrait has tones that are mostly under (darker than) 50%

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26
Q

what is low key light creatively?

A

repairing the light, airy feel with a more moody and dramatic look

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27
Q

what is low key lighting in terms of histogram?

A

most of the introduction is bunched on the left hand side that’s not only to say that your undercoating the subject to get this look

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28
Q

to get low key lighting in portraiture and landscape with us essential?

A
  • portraiture - using dark background

- landscape - shoot at night

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29
Q

what do black and white points define?
and
what are black and white pints in control of?

A

which areas of an image should be black and which would be white

control of the tonal range of the image which maximises the image contrast

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30
Q

what is continuous lighting?

A

is the light that is on for the entire duration of the photo this fns be natural light outside but also can be a window of light. it can be artificial light such as a table lamp to even professional lighting. any type of light as long as it’s continuous

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31
Q

what is flash lighting?

A

which is only available for a quick moment when triggered. it can be a camera flash.

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32
Q

what is back lighting?

A

happens when the main light is behind the subject and facing the camera. It illuminates you subject form behind

33
Q

light being the subject facing towards the camera has strong influence on what?

A

on exposure

34
Q

back lit photography is often accomplished through what?

A

spot metering

35
Q

what is rim lighting?

A

highlights only the contours of the subject creating strong mood and atmosphere

set up is simple, hide the flashlight behind the model or object point it back directly at the subject

36
Q

what is contre-jour lighting?

A

requires that the image be a dark shaped image in front of the source of light. the source of light just be being the subject and in the frame.

a well executed image creates an outline and anxiety ed the aim of using a point source of light being the subject to create a bright flow that creates the form and relabel as the image

37
Q

what is incident light?

A

is that which is illuminating your scene, it falls on the subject before being altered (reflected) by it which is why it is more accurate light reading

38
Q

what is reflective light?

A

when light hits objects it gets transformed by them and reflected out; this so what we perceive and what the camera captures and reads which is reflective light

39
Q

what does the light meter assess?

A

the four properties of light which with your eye beige taking the photo

40
Q

what is light meter?

A

regardless of your subject any eye whichever shooting mode is preferred.
this tool lets the camera know how much light to let in to determine the optimal combination of ISO, aperture and shutter speed

41
Q

what is metering?

A

metering is how your camera determines what the correct shutter speed and aperture, should be depending on the amount of light that’s goes into the camera and the ISO.

42
Q

what is a camera meter useful for?

A

manual mode, aperture priority, shutter speed priority or program mode, the camera automatically adjust the settings based on what it reads from the meter

43
Q

how does the camera light meter work?

A

process called TTL ( through the lens) metering which means that the camera examines the light coming in through the lends and evaluates the brightness of the scenes then you to you camera can adjust the settings in order to make sure you photo is exposed how you want

44
Q

what does DSLR measure?

A

reflective light

45
Q

what are the two types of light metering and purpose?

A
  • hand held light meter will detect

- own looks at incident light and other will look at reflective light

46
Q

what does incident reading using a hand held meter involve?

A

is not affected by how much light is absorbed by any subject. it reads the scalable light and return a reading with camera setting to use

47
Q

what does reflective reading using TTL metering involve?

A

record the light levels reflected by the subject, natural or artificial light will leave its source and bounce off the subject.

48
Q

what does a DSLR light meter look at?

A

reflective light that is the light that travels through the lens, hitting the sensor. reflected light meters are calibrated to read light as though it’s 18% grey. also know as middle grey.

49
Q

to achieve a photo that renders black and white what do you do?

A

override the automatic settings

50
Q

what does induce the light meter read?

A

the amount of light falling on the subject.

you hold the light meter between the subject and the light source, as close to the subject as possible. white dome on device picks up light reading

51
Q

viewing the meeting scale in manual mode?

A

the is at 0 - which means the image is neither under or overexposed, but changing the aperture, shutter speed or ISO would make the line move up or down

bright - the bar will go to the “+” side indicating that there is too much for the current exposure settings

dark - the bar will go the “-“ side indicating there is not enough light

52
Q

what is matrix or evaluative metering?

A
  • the camera look at the light in the entire scene and averages it.
  • is the default metering modes on most DSLR.
53
Q

what affects matrix metering?

A

the camera focus point

54
Q

what is centre weighted average metering?

A
  • looks at the light of the entire scenes and averages it, but with emphasis on the centre frame
  • evaluates the light in the middle of the frame and it’s surrounding and ignores the corners
  • good for portraits and large subjects in the middle of the frame
55
Q

what is partial metering?

A

measures the light only in a small portion of the centre of the frame (8-12% of the frame)

56
Q

what is spot metering?

A
  • measures the light only on a small area around the central autofocus point (1.5%-3% of the frame)
  • evaluates a single zone/cell and calculates exposure based on that single area nothing else
  • spot metering can be used to read the brightest and darkest zones for landscapes. it works exceptionally well on situation where you primary subject is light or much darker than surroundings
57
Q

what is specular reflection?

A

reflection off a smooth surface such as mirrors or a calm body of water leads to type of reflection know as specialty

58
Q

what is diffuse reflection?

A

reflection off rough surfaces such as clothing, paper and roads lead to a type of reflection known as diffuse

59
Q

what is a light beam?

A

can be thought of as a bundle of individual light rays which are travelling parallel to each other.

60
Q

if the surface it rough then what will

happen?

A

the light ray will reflect and diffuse in many directions

61
Q

if the surface is smooth?

A

rays reflect and remain concentrated in a bundle upon leaving the surface

62
Q

a specular light source is what?

A

very powerful in. the centre and gradually lose energy towards its extreme, it generates very exposed and bright areas in the subject

63
Q

what is specular light?

A

his light hits a subject then the reflective light bounces back into the camera. this light has stronger highlights and stronger contrasts.

64
Q

how can hard and specular light quality be created?

A

using a silver reflector

65
Q

what does a silver reflector do?

A

reflects light especially on oily and moist areas of the face to invoke a certain emporium that would be lacking if diffused light was used

66
Q

what type of photographers use specular light?

A

action and sport

67
Q

how is specials highlights caused?

A

a reflective surface acts like a mirror reflection light, so if the light source of your image comes from the same direction as the camera cause speculate highlights resulting in blown out spots without gesture and an overall poor image

68
Q

what generates diffused reflections rather than specular?

A

the light from the flash bouncing off the cardboard is a much bigger light source, allowing out to control the reflections on your image, creating gradients that shape the object and avoiding speculate highlights

69
Q

a diffused light source has uniform all over what?

A

it’s surface

70
Q

diffused light source light tend to be more what?

A

more compensated when it hits the subject surface

71
Q

what is diffuse light in terms of portraits?

A

more flattering light as it does not direct attention to any one part of the subject

72
Q

what are we talked about when he say diffuse lighting?

A

talking about she disruption of light is equal along its surface

73
Q

what are light modifiers?

A

devices that improve the lighting in photos, to achieve a particular mood. with modifiers you’re able to highlight something important in a scene.

74
Q

what is diffused light?

A

soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light. it is scattered and comes from all directions. it is softer and does not cast harsh shadows

diffusers can be translucent panels, umbrella, diffusers or filters which are all units that fits over the larger light

75
Q

what is reflectors?

A

a tool that reflects light and doesn’t create light like a flash does and it simply redirects the existing light or sometimes redirect the light from a flash or studio strobe

76
Q

a traditional white reflector does what?

A

simply bounces the light and the light is nice and soft

77
Q

what does a silver reflector do?

A

doesn’t change the colour of the light but it a bit bright than light reflected off a white one

78
Q

what does a good reflector do?

A

designed to change the colour of the light by warming up a bit with an orange tone

Higher Photography (10 decks)

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