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Immunology > Introduction to Infectious Agents 2 > Flashcards

Introduction to Infectious Agents 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how many receptors do we have for b and t cells

A

10 to the 15

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2
Q

describe variable region on antibody

A

differs on differnet antibodies

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3
Q

what is permanently altered during process of making t cell and immunoglobulin genes

A

genome

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4
Q

b cell receptor can exist as

A

receptor onsurface of b cell

soluble version of be cell receptor

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5
Q

what is soluble version of b cell receptor

A

immunoglobin

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6
Q

antigen receptor on t cell

A

is never released, always part of t cell

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7
Q

once antigen receptor makes contact with antigen, what makes signal

A

another complex associated with receptor transduces signal, it’s associated non-covalently

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8
Q

once lymphocytes develop in primary lymphoid tissue they go where

A

secondary lymphoid tissue

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9
Q

what are ex of secondary lymphoid tissue

A

spleen

lymph nodes

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10
Q

b cells can recognize completely conformed antigen in

A

native conformation

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11
Q

how does b cell recognize antigen

A

epitope on surface of antigen

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12
Q

can t cells recognize free floating antigen

A

no

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13
Q

through b cell receptor can recognize

A

free floating conformation antigen

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14
Q

what does Tcell receptor recognize

A

area made up on surface of MHC molecule

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15
Q

T cells can only respond agains

A

another cell - not against a soluble antigen

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16
Q

What are two kinds of MHC molecules

A

class I and class II

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17
Q

MHC class I presnet to what

A

CD8 T cells

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18
Q

MHC classs II prsent to what

A

CD4 T cells

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19
Q

very small number in our cells express what MHC class

A

II

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20
Q

almost all cells in our body express what MHC class

A

I

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21
Q

b cells and t cells go to secondary lymphoid tissue to:

A

circulation & lymphatic vessels

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22
Q

if b and t cells do not encouter antigen they can respond against what happens

A

they die

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23
Q

what is main thing responsible for filtering blood

A

spleen

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24
Q

what lymph nodes act as filters for tissue

A

lymph nodes

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25
Q

MALT stands for what

A

mucosal associated lymphoid tissues

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26
Q

adaptive imune responses are initiated wehre

A

secondary lymphoid tissue

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27
Q

does spleen have lymphatic drainage, describe blood supply

A

no

lots of blood supply

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28
Q

describe blood supply of lymph nodes

A

poor, by lots of lymphatic drainage

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29
Q

when lymph is filtered through lymph nodes, and there is infection:

A

the infection is shown to the lymph nodes and they can respond

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30
Q

B cells in spleen agregate where

A

follicle

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31
Q

during immune response, what happens to follicel in spleen

A

gets bigger, becomes secondary follicle, forms germinal center

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32
Q

formation of germinal center requires help from what cell in spleen

A

T cell

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33
Q

PAL

A

periarterial lymphoid sheath

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34
Q

outer layer of lymph node is called what

A

cortex

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35
Q

in cortex what cell is found

A

b cells

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36
Q

small follicle with no response is what

A

primary follicle

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37
Q

b cell proliferation what happens to follicel in spleen

A

get larger, secondary follicles, developed germinal center

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38
Q

inner part of lymph node is called what

A

medulla

39
Q

once b cells differentiate into plasma cells, some plasma cells go to medulla and secrete antibody into circulation

A

b cells don’t have to be there they can put antibodies out

40
Q

what happens to active t cells

A

they have to leave and actually go to site of infection

41
Q

b/w medulla and cortex is what

A

paracortex

42
Q

where are t cells found in spleen

A

paracortex

43
Q

when dendritic cells pick up antigen where do they go

A

paracortex - to t cells

44
Q

lymph nodes how do they get into ciruclation

A

high endothelial venules

45
Q

what does HEV stand for

A

high endothelial veules

46
Q

are HEV found in spleen - why or why not

A

no, they can just go right into blood supply

47
Q

all migration of immune cells into tissues, including lymph nodes is dependent on what

A

adhesion molecules

48
Q

selectins bind to what

A

vascular addressins

49
Q

integrins bind to what

A

immunoglobulin-like molecule (ICAM)

50
Q

LFA-1 is from what family

A

integrins

51
Q

ICAM-1 is from what family

A

ICAM

52
Q

where is GALT found

A

gut

53
Q

MALT stands for what

A

Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissues

54
Q

BALT is found where

A

f

55
Q

NALT is found where

A

f

56
Q

at apex

A

pyers patch - gut associated lymphoid tissue which underlies

57
Q

M cell samples antigen from lumen of gut, carries across cytoplasm, and hands it to:

A

dendritic cell

58
Q

dendritic cells pick up products of inection and carry via lymphatic vessels to

A

lymph node to show to t cell

59
Q

where is there lymphatic drainage

A

everywhere - can detect infection everywhere in body

60
Q

afferent lymphatic vessels empty fluid and cells into

A

lymph node

61
Q

all adapative immune resopnse are initiated where

A

secondary lyphoid organs

62
Q

what are three antigen presenting cells

A

dendritic cell
macrophage
b lymphocyte

63
Q

where are macrophages

A

all tissue

64
Q

when b cell and t cell meet:

A

b cell is presneting fragment/peptide of what it has to t cell to get help from t cell

65
Q

dendritic cell pick up antigen at site of infection and bring it to

A

regional/draining lymph node

66
Q

once denditic cell goes to lymph node it goes where

A

to t cell location

67
Q

free antigen can be delivered in lymphatic vessel

A

perculated or channeled through condulitas to follicles, so free antigen is delivered to b cells

68
Q

if t cells can recognize antigen it will do what

A

proliferate

69
Q

if b cell can recognize antigen it will do what

A

prliferate

70
Q

once t cells are activated they do what

A

proliferate and go to site of infection

71
Q

in epidermis of skin, speiclaized form of dendritic cells:

A

langerhans cells

72
Q

once langerhans cells find a pathogen it does what

A

leaves and presents and becomes Interdigitating dendritic cell

73
Q

clonal selection leads to what

A

clonal expansion/clonal proliferation

74
Q

free antigen presents

A

b cells

75
Q

germinal center is site of

A

intense b cell proliferation

76
Q

what happens in b cells

A

b cells will change their antibody

77
Q

what changes happen in b cells in germinal center

A 
tinker with variable region to generate antibody that will bind with high affinity 
change to different class of antibody
78
Q

what form after T cells help B cells

A

germinal centers

79
Q

what are you stimulating with vaccine

A

memory cells, so if they encounter pathogen they can get rapid secondary response

80
Q

Th1 is abbreviation for what

A

CD4 T cells

81
Q

cytotoxic T cells are most important for getting rid of

A

viral infections

82
Q

what are adapted to kill off viral infected cells

A

cytotoxic T cells

83
Q

can only work

A

t cells are contacting other cells

84
Q

what is used to deal with toxin or bacteria outside of cell

A

antibodies

85
Q

what is opsonization

A

coating - antibody “opsonizes” pathogen

86
Q

when antibody binds to surface of bacteria, it does what to phagocyte

A

tells phagocyte to get rid of it, it has receptor for the other end of antibody so it knows to eat it

87
Q

phagocytosis is more effieicent due to

A

antibodies & opsiniozation

88
Q

to get good antibody response need what kind of cell

A

t cell- specifically TH2 cell

89
Q

allergies are what

A

inappropriate immune response

90
Q

rejection of tissue transplants is what

A

normal immune response

91
Q

failure of immune system to respond appropriately is what

A

immune deficiency

92
Q

myeloid lineage participate in what response

A

innate

93
Q

lymphoid lineage participate in what response

A

adaptive

Immunology (12 decks)

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