Introduction to Infectious Agents 2 Flashcards
how many receptors do we have for b and t cells
10 to the 15
describe variable region on antibody
differs on differnet antibodies
what is permanently altered during process of making t cell and immunoglobulin genes
genome
b cell receptor can exist as
receptor onsurface of b cell
soluble version of be cell receptor
what is soluble version of b cell receptor
immunoglobin
antigen receptor on t cell
is never released, always part of t cell
once antigen receptor makes contact with antigen, what makes signal
another complex associated with receptor transduces signal, it’s associated non-covalently
once lymphocytes develop in primary lymphoid tissue they go where
secondary lymphoid tissue
what are ex of secondary lymphoid tissue
spleen
lymph nodes
b cells can recognize completely conformed antigen in
native conformation
how does b cell recognize antigen
epitope on surface of antigen
can t cells recognize free floating antigen
no
through b cell receptor can recognize
free floating conformation antigen
what does Tcell receptor recognize
area made up on surface of MHC molecule
T cells can only respond agains
another cell - not against a soluble antigen
What are two kinds of MHC molecules
class I and class II
MHC class I presnet to what
CD8 T cells
MHC classs II prsent to what
CD4 T cells
very small number in our cells express what MHC class
II
almost all cells in our body express what MHC class
I
b cells and t cells go to secondary lymphoid tissue to:
circulation & lymphatic vessels
if b and t cells do not encouter antigen they can respond against what happens
they die
what is main thing responsible for filtering blood
spleen
what lymph nodes act as filters for tissue
lymph nodes
MALT stands for what
mucosal associated lymphoid tissues
adaptive imune responses are initiated wehre
secondary lymphoid tissue
does spleen have lymphatic drainage, describe blood supply
no
lots of blood supply
describe blood supply of lymph nodes
poor, by lots of lymphatic drainage
when lymph is filtered through lymph nodes, and there is infection:
the infection is shown to the lymph nodes and they can respond
B cells in spleen agregate where
follicle
during immune response, what happens to follicel in spleen
gets bigger, becomes secondary follicle, forms germinal center
formation of germinal center requires help from what cell in spleen
T cell
PAL
periarterial lymphoid sheath
outer layer of lymph node is called what
cortex
in cortex what cell is found
b cells
small follicle with no response is what
primary follicle
b cell proliferation what happens to follicel in spleen
get larger, secondary follicles, developed germinal center
inner part of lymph node is called what
medulla
once b cells differentiate into plasma cells, some plasma cells go to medulla and secrete antibody into circulation
b cells don’t have to be there they can put antibodies out
what happens to active t cells
they have to leave and actually go to site of infection
b/w medulla and cortex is what
paracortex
where are t cells found in spleen
paracortex
when dendritic cells pick up antigen where do they go
paracortex - to t cells
lymph nodes how do they get into ciruclation
high endothelial venules
what does HEV stand for
high endothelial veules
are HEV found in spleen - why or why not
no, they can just go right into blood supply
all migration of immune cells into tissues, including lymph nodes is dependent on what
adhesion molecules
selectins bind to what
vascular addressins
integrins bind to what
immunoglobulin-like molecule (ICAM)
LFA-1 is from what family
integrins
ICAM-1 is from what family
ICAM
where is GALT found
gut
MALT stands for what
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissues
BALT is found where
f
NALT is found where
f
at apex
pyers patch - gut associated lymphoid tissue which underlies
M cell samples antigen from lumen of gut, carries across cytoplasm, and hands it to:
dendritic cell
dendritic cells pick up products of inection and carry via lymphatic vessels to
lymph node to show to t cell
where is there lymphatic drainage
everywhere - can detect infection everywhere in body
afferent lymphatic vessels empty fluid and cells into
lymph node
all adapative immune resopnse are initiated where
secondary lyphoid organs
what are three antigen presenting cells
dendritic cell
macrophage
b lymphocyte
where are macrophages
all tissue
when b cell and t cell meet:
b cell is presneting fragment/peptide of what it has to t cell to get help from t cell
dendritic cell pick up antigen at site of infection and bring it to
regional/draining lymph node
once denditic cell goes to lymph node it goes where
to t cell location
free antigen can be delivered in lymphatic vessel
perculated or channeled through condulitas to follicles, so free antigen is delivered to b cells
if t cells can recognize antigen it will do what
proliferate
if b cell can recognize antigen it will do what
prliferate
once t cells are activated they do what
proliferate and go to site of infection
in epidermis of skin, speiclaized form of dendritic cells:
langerhans cells
once langerhans cells find a pathogen it does what
leaves and presents and becomes Interdigitating dendritic cell
clonal selection leads to what
clonal expansion/clonal proliferation
free antigen presents
b cells
germinal center is site of
intense b cell proliferation
what happens in b cells
b cells will change their antibody
what changes happen in b cells in germinal center
tinker with variable region to generate antibody that will bind with high affinity change to different class of antibody
what form after T cells help B cells
germinal centers
what are you stimulating with vaccine
memory cells, so if they encounter pathogen they can get rapid secondary response
Th1 is abbreviation for what
CD4 T cells
cytotoxic T cells are most important for getting rid of
viral infections
what are adapted to kill off viral infected cells
cytotoxic T cells
can only work
t cells are contacting other cells
what is used to deal with toxin or bacteria outside of cell
antibodies
what is opsonization
coating - antibody “opsonizes” pathogen
when antibody binds to surface of bacteria, it does what to phagocyte
tells phagocyte to get rid of it, it has receptor for the other end of antibody so it knows to eat it
phagocytosis is more effieicent due to
antibodies & opsiniozation
to get good antibody response need what kind of cell
t cell- specifically TH2 cell
allergies are what
inappropriate immune response
rejection of tissue transplants is what
normal immune response
failure of immune system to respond appropriately is what
immune deficiency
myeloid lineage participate in what response
innate
lymphoid lineage participate in what response
adaptive
