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MICRO2209 > introduction to immunopathology > Flashcards

introduction to immunopathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypersensitivity?

A

inappropriate, over-reactive immune responses

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2
Q

What is autoimmunity?

A

directed against self antigens

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of hypersensitivity?

A

type I
type II
type III
type IV

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4
Q

What is type I hypersensitivity?

A

mediated by IgE antibodies

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5
Q

What is type II hypersensitivity?

A

binding of IgG or IgM to surface of host cells, which are then destroyed by complement or cell-mediated mechanisms

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6
Q

What is type III hypersensitivity?

A

antigen-antibody complexes deposited on host cells or tissues, leading to complement activation and inflammation

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7
Q

What is type IV hypersensitivity?

A

excess T cell activation

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8
Q

What happens when there is a second exposure to type I?

A

cross-linking of the IgE bound to mast cells via FcεRI

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9
Q

What happens to the gastrointestinal tract when there is re-exposure to type I?

A

increase fluid secretion and peristalsis

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10
Q

What happens to the eyes and airways after second exposure of type I?

A

increased mucus secretion and decrease airway diameter

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11
Q

What happens to the blood vessels after type I?

A

increased vascular permeability and vasodilation

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12
Q

What occurs during type II hypersensitivity?

A

complement activation
antibody-dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
opsonisation

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13
Q

What is Haemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

leakage of RhD positive into maternal circulation could stimulate an immune response if mother is RhD negative

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14
Q

What happens to newborns caused by Haemolytic disease of the Newborn?

A

antibodies react and cause tissue damage

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15
Q

What is Myasthenia gravis?

A

blockage of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor due to autoantibodies against α chain resulting in blockage of neuromuscular transmission

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16
Q

Myasthenia gravis can cause…?

A

internalisation and intracellular degradation of acetylcholine receptors

17
Q

What is immune complex-mediated: Type II hypersensitivity?

A

persistent immune complexes deposited in blood vessels and cause inflammation

18
Q

What mediates type IV hypersensitivity?

A

TH1 subtypes (can be TH17 and CD8)

19
Q

How do we know if its type IV hypersensitivity?

A

antigens presented and followed by an effector phase upon re-exposure to the antigen
effector phase does not become apparent

20
Q

Primary immunodeficiency is…?

A

genetic, recurrent, or unusual infections

21
Q

Secondary immunodeficiency is…?

A

an external factor causing the immune system to be compromised

MICRO2209 (16 decks)

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