Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD2001 Week 5 > Introduction to Immunology > Flashcards

Introduction to Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the innate defence mechanism?

A

First line of defence and is not improved by further exposure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the adaptive defence mechanism?

A

Second line of defence and is improved by further exposure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 types of physical barrier?

A

Barrier, movement and trapping.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an example of a barrier physical barrier?

A

Skin and epithelia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an example of a movement physical barrier?

A

Cilia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an example of a trapping physical barrier?

A

Mucus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are examples of biochemical barriers?

A

Low pH and lysozyme secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give examples of when low pHs are used in the body.

A

Sweat, vaginal secretions and the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an example of lysozyme secretion?

A

Lysozyme secretions damage cell wall of bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens when barriers are breached?

A

Phagocytic cells, neutrophils and monocytes are released.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 stages of phagocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis, lysosome fusion and release of microbial products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the chemicals involved in the immune system?

A

Acute phase proteins, complement proteins, interferons and cytokines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is opsonin?

A

Substance that coats cell and enhances the ability of phagocytes to phagocytose the particle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is IFN alpha secreted by?

A

Leucocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is IFN beta secreted by?

A

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is IFN gamma secreted by?

A

T lymphocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is interferon produced?

A

When host cells become infected by virus.

18
Q

What is the function of interferons?

A

They act on other host cells to induce a state of resistance to viral infection.

19
Q

What are plasma cells?

A

Cells which produce antibodies.

20
Q

In pregnancy, what do estrogens stimulate?

A

It stimulates IgG and IgA production.

21
Q

What is autoimmunity?

A

Immune system reacting to self. Loss of tolerance.

22
Q

Which immune system forms a memory response to a pathogen?

A

The adaptive immune system.

23
Q

What are macrophages when they are “dormant” in the blood?

A

Monocytes

24
Q

Which protein levels can indicate an inflammatory response in a patient?

A

C-reactive protein.

25
Q

What are normal levels of CRP protein?

A

1-3mg/l.

26
Q

What is an example of an opsonin?

A

C3b

27
Q

What is an NK cell?

A

Natural killer cell

28
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Something (a protein of a pathogen) which is capable of being recognised and responded to by the immune system.

29
Q

Are antibodies specific?

A

Specific to one antigen by having one recognition site.

30
Q

What can the front part of the antibody bind to?

A

A specific microbe (antigen).

31
Q

What can the back part of the body bind to?

A

Phagocytes

32
Q

What is the first class of antibody secreted after infection?

A

IgM

33
Q

What is the second class of antibody secreted after an immune response?

A

IgG, higher conc. than IgM, secreted after a few days.

34
Q

What antibody is secreted after the second time of infection of the same pathogen?

A

IgG in higher conc, and IgM at the same conc. and time.

35
Q

How many types of hypersensitivity are there?

A

4

36
Q

What is hypersensitivity?

A

Allergies- a response to something that does not threaten the immune system.

37
Q

What are the two types of autoimmunity?

A

Cell mediated and antibody.

38
Q

What does IDDM stand for?

A

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

39
Q

How is IDDM classed as autoimmune?

A

Antibodies destroying insulin producing cells.

40
Q

What happens in a secondary response to a pathogen?

A

Due to immunological memory IgG will be produced faster in a greater concentrations than IgM

41
Q

How does the mother protect her foetus?

A

By producing vast amounts of IgG

MD2001 Week 5 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions