Classification of Disease Flashcards
How is a group of symptoms named as a disease?
The root cause of the symptoms is what the disease is named from
How do you classify a disease?
Functional- sore head
Biological- haemorrhage
Socioeconomic and health- hangover
Functional again- vascular anomaly
Systems or precision medicine
What are the characteristics of disease?
Aetiology
Pathogenesis
Manifestations
Complications
Outcome
Epidemiology
What is aetiology?
Cause of disease
What is pathogenesis?
Mechanism of disease
What is manifestations?
Symptoms and signs
What are complications?
Additional symptoms not directly from original disease
What do we consider when trying to identify the cause of a disease?
Probability of disease
Host predisposition
Cause versus agent
Causal associations
Koch’s postulates
Exemplified by
What can cause a disease?
Genetics
Environmental factors including infection, chemicals, radiation and mechanical trauma
Combination
Unknown
What is important to remember when looking at pathogenesis?
The same aetiology may lead to different pathological endpoints
The same endpoint may reflect different aetiology
What are some examples of pathogenesis?
Inflammation
Degeneration
Carcinogenesis
Immune reactions
How can a disease manifest?
Through structural or functional manifestations
What is a primary disease?
Agent, cause, mechanism etc
What is a secondary disease?
Having a symptom which will cause further outcomes
E.g cirrhosis will cause etc
What is an eponymous names?
Naming a disease which does not convey information
Why do we classify diseases?
To understand the disease
Making a prognosis
How to treat
Prediction of best treatment
Epidemiology
What is the ICD?
International classification of diseases
What is TNM?
A system used for staging cancers
What do each of the letters stand for in TNM?
Tumour
Lymph Nodes
Metastasis
What is the incidence?
Number of new cases of the disease in a year
What is prevalence?
The number of people living with the disease
What is mortality?
Number of deaths from a disease
What are the 4Ps of medicine?
Personalised
Predictive
Participatory
Preventive
What is the purpose of the 4Ps of medicine?
To use all the information from the patient and the knowledge of disease to come up with the best course of treatment
