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MD2001 Week 5 > Infections of the Skin > Flashcards

Infections of the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

Hard horny layer of dead cells.

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2
Q

What antimicrobial substances does the skin produce?

A

Fatty acids, sebum and defensins.

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3
Q

What defensive properties does the skin have?

A

Surface is dry, constant sloughing, acidic pH, sweat secretion and rich blood supply.

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4
Q

What are the normal skin microbiota?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

propionibacterium acnes

corynebacterium sp

candida sp.

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5
Q

What are the two types of coagulase-negative Staphylococci?

A

Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus aureus.

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6
Q

What is the site of ringworm?

A

Keratinised epithelium.

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7
Q

What is an example of a skin infection in the epidermis?

A

Impetigo.

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8
Q

What is the site of folliculitis?

A

The hair follicles.

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9
Q

What is an example of a skin infection in the subcutaneous fat?

A

Cellulitis.

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10
Q

What are the routes of infection through the skin?

A

Through pores and hair follicles.

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11
Q

What are the routes of infections through wounds?

A

Scratches, cuts and burns.

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12
Q

What could cause infection through bites?

A

Insects and animals.

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13
Q

What are some bacterial infections of the skin?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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14
Q

What is the morphology of Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Cocci morphology.

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15
Q

How does strep pyogenes grow?

A

It grows in chains.

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16
Q

How does staph aureus grow?

A

In clusters

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17
Q

What gram is strep pyogenes and staph aureus?

A

Positive

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18
Q

How is strep pyogenes classified?

A

As a group A streptococcus.

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19
Q

What are the antibiotic resistant strains of staph aureus?

A

MRSA and VRSA.

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20
Q

What does MRSA and VRSA stand for?

A

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

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21
Q

What is the morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Coccobacillus morphology.

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22
Q

What gram is pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Gram negative.

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23
Q

What does it mean to have monotrichous flagella?

A

Having a single flagellum at one pole.

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24
Q

Give an example of a bacteria that has monotrichous flagellum.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

25
Q

What toxin does Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce?

A

Exotoxin A.

26
Q

Where do pseudomonas aeruginosa colonise?

A

Catheters etc.

27
Q

What are the different forms of skin lesions?

A

Macule, papule, vesicle and ulcer.

28
Q

What does a macule look like?

A

Flat, red, local inflammation.

29
Q

What does a papule look like?

A

Raised, red, more marked inflammation.

30
Q

What does a vesicle look like?

A

A small blister.

31
Q

What does an ulcer look like?

A

Disruption of epithelium.

32
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Collection of pus; pustule.

33
Q

What is pyoderma?

A

Pus-forming skin infection; cutaneous abscess.

34
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Vesicles developing into rupturing pustules then forming dried crusts.

35
Q

What is ecthyma?

A

Rupturing vesicles leading to erythematous lesions and dried crusts.

36
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

Inflammation at a hair follicle.

37
Q

What is a furuncle?

A

Boil; deep folliculitis.

38
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

A collection of boils.

39
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

Erythema and inflammation of superficial dermis.

40
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Erythematous inflammation affecting deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat.

41
Q

What is acne?

A

Infection of sebaceous follicles.

42
Q

What is necrotising fasciitis?

A

Cellulitis with necrosis affecting skin, deeper fascia and sometimes muscle.

43
Q

What are the bacteria usually responsible for cellulitis?

A

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.

44
Q

What is dehiscence?

A

Wound rupture along surgical suture.

45
Q

What are two types of fungal infections of the skin?

A

Dermatophytes and yeasts.

46
Q

What are examples of dermatophytes?

A

Tinea pedis, Tinea corporis and Tinea cruris.

47
Q

What are example of yeast infections?

A

Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur.

48
Q

What viral infection presents as warts/genital warts?

A

Human papilloma viruses (HPV).

49
Q

What viral infection presents as cold sores?

A

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1).

50
Q

What are the observable symptoms of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2)?

A

Genital herpes.

51
Q

What are the symptoms of varicella zoster virus (VZW)?

A

Chicken pox and shingles.

52
Q

What are the symptoms of coxsackie A virus?

A

Hand, foot and mouth disease.

53
Q

What is an example of a parasite of the skin?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei (mite).

54
Q

What does sarcoptes scabiei cause?

A

Scabies.

55
Q

How does sarcoptes scabiei cause scabies?

A

Mite burrows into skin and the female lays eggs.

56
Q

What can infection by sarcoptes scabiei lead to?

A

Hypersensitivity and superinfection.

57
Q

What does it mean that the scabies infection is asymptomatic?

A

That the patient can be infected with the disease and not show any symptoms.

58
Q

What is lancefield grouping?

A

Grouping catalase-negative and coagulase-negative bacteria based on the carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on their cell walls.

59
Q

What forms pus?

A

Dead white blood cells and bacteria with tissue debris and serum.

MD2001 Week 5 (10 decks)

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