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Research > Introduction to Epidemiology > Flashcards

Introduction to Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of distribution of disease, or physiologic condition in human population

A

Epidemiology

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2
Q

Components of Epidemiology

A

Population
Disease
Distribution
Factors

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3
Q

What are the 3 dimensions in pathologic process of disease

A

Biological (Physical)
Perceptual (Physiological)
Social (Behavior)

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4
Q

Occurence of disease/conditions in groups of people

A

Distribution

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5
Q

Responsible for observed distribution

A

Factors

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6
Q

refers to analysis of time, person, place and classes of people affected

A

Distribution

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7
Q

Include those with identifiable characteristics

A

Specified population

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8
Q

Epidemiologic triad

A

Time, place, person

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9
Q

Determinants that influence time

A

Increase/decrease over the years
Seasonal variations
Sudden changes of disease occurence

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10
Q

Examine the distribution of disease in a population, observe basic features of its distribution. (Health and disease in the community)

A

Descriptive Epidemiology

  • What, who, when, where
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11
Q

Essential characteristics for descriptive epidemiology

A

Person, place, time

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12
Q

Testing the hypothesis and the cause of disease by studying how exposure relate to disease

A

Analytical Epidemiology

  • Why, How?
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13
Q

Characteristics for analytical epidemiology

A

Host, Agent Environment

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14
Q

Goal of epidemiology

A
  1. Biomedical

2. Public Health

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15
Q

Determinants of disease development is also known as

A

Risk factors

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16
Q

Development of human disease might be related to external and personal environemtn of an individual

A

Hippocrates

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17
Q

Something that falls upon people

A

Epidemic

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18
Q

Etiologic Theories

A

Galen

19
Q

3 causes of epidemic constitution

A

Atmospheric, susceptibility, Lifestyle

20
Q

Weekly reports of brth

A

John Graunt

21
Q

Application of vital statistical data

A

William Farr

22
Q

First investigator to draw all together the three components of definition of epidemiology

A

John Snow

23
Q

T/F, in John Snow Era, risk of infection is highest in people using water from the Southwark and Vauxhall water company

A

True

24
Q

Father of modern epidemiology

A

John Snow

25
Q

group of people which may be defined geographic boundaries

A

Population

26
Q

pathological processes which has 3 dimensions:
– biological (physical)
– perceptual (psychological) – social (behavioral)

A

Disease

27
Q

the occurrence of disease/ condition in

groups of people

A

Distribution

28
Q

 Quantify disease

A

Measure disease frequency

29
Q

Who is getting disease?
 Where is disease occurring?
 When is disease occurring?
Formulation of hypotheses concerning causal and preventive factors

A

Assess distribution of disease

30
Q

 Hypotheses are tested using epidemiologic studies

A

Identify determinants of disease

31
Q

Preventing the initial development of a disease

A

Primary

ex. Immunization

32
Q

Early detection of existing disease to reduce severity and complications

A

Secondary

ex Screening for cancer

33
Q

Reducing the impact of the disease

A

Tertiary

ex Rehabilitation for stroke

34
Q
  • preventive measure is applied to and entire population
A

POPULATION-BASED APPROACH

35
Q
  • target a high-risk group with the preventive measure
A

HIGH-RISK GROUP APPROACH

36
Q

one of the founders of the field of toxicology

A

Paracelsius

37
Q

first to employ quantitative methods to describe population vital statistics by organizing mortality data in a mortality table

A

John Graunt

38
Q

Father of Occupational Medicine

A

Ramazzini

39
Q

first to describe an environmental cause of cancer

A

Percival Pott

40
Q

Chimney sweeping and scrotal cancer

A

Percival Pott

41
Q

– In 1798 discovered small pox vaccine
– Observed that dairymaids who had been infected with cowpox (a milder disease transmitted by cattle) were immune to small pox (a severe disease)

A

Edward Jenner

42
Q

In 1839, developed a more sophisticated system for codifying medical conditions
- explored the possible linkage between mortality rates and population density

A

William Farr

43
Q

bad or malodorous air as a cause of disease

A

Miasma

Research (10 decks)

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