Introduction to bones, joints and muscles Flashcards
Play a game to name and recognise the bones of the limbs and trunk
:)
Play a game to classify the main bones, joints and muscles of the limbs
:)
Name 3 types of joints:
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Fibrous joints
Connected by dense connective tissue
There is no movement, so they are also known as fixed joints
e.g. skull bones
Cartilaginous joints
Bones are joined by cartilage
They have slightly more movement than fibrous joints, but less movement than synovial joints
e.g. joints between the vertebrae
Synovial joints
There is always a fluid filled capsule and articular cartilage in these joints
A lot of movement can take place at these joints
e.g. knee
Name 6 types of synovial joints:
Pivot jont
Ball and socket joint
Condyloid or ellipsoid joint
Plane joint
Saddle joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Only allows movement around one single axis
e.g. between C1 and C2 of vertebrae, allows rotation of neck
Ball and socket joint
A joint where a ball shaped surface fits into a cup like surface
Movement is multi-axial
e.g. glenohumeral joint
Condyloid or ellipsoid joint
A joint where an ovoid surface fits into an elliptical cavity
This allows movement in 2 different planes
e.g. joint between radius and carpal bones of the wrist
Plane joint
Bones are able to slide over one another
e.g. in between tarsal bones
Saddle joint
The reciprocating surfaces are usually concave and convex which means they can slide against one another
e.g. first metacarpophalangeal joint
Hinge joint
A joint that allows movement in one direction and usually one plane
e.g. elbow
3 types of muscle tissue within the human body
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Consists of long, cylindrical, striated fibres
Contractions are voluntary
Usually attached to the skeleton to form a part of the mechanical structure which allows the limbs to move freely
Functions include aids motion, posture, heat production and provide general protection
