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Anatomy > 17. Be able to perform a ligament stress test of the knee and understand the functions of the different knee ligaments > Flashcards

17. Be able to perform a ligament stress test of the knee and understand the functions of the different knee ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

Watch a video about a ligament stress test of the knee.

A

:)

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2
Q

Name 11 ligaments of the knee

A

Patellar ligament
Medial and lateral patellar retinacula
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament
Anterolateral ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Medial meniscus
Lateral meniscus
Transverse ligament

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3
Q

Name 4 extra-capsular ligaments of the knee

A

Patellar ligament
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament

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4
Q

Patellar ligament

A

Extra-capsular ligament

Continuous with the quadriceps femoris tendon

Connects apex of patella to the tuberosity of the tibia

Strengthens the anterior capsule of the knee

Important role in knee extension

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5
Q

What is the quadriceps femoris tendon sometimes referred to as?

A

The patellar tendon

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6
Q

What type of bone is the patellar?

A

A sesamoid bone

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7
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

A bone embedded in a tendon

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8
Q

Another name for the tuberocity of the tibia

A

Shinbone

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9
Q

Medial and lateral patellar retinacula

A

Medial patellar retinacula = passes medial to the patella to attach to the medial condyle of the tibia
Forms the anteromedial aspect of the fibrous capsule

Lateral patellar retinacula = passes lateral to the patella to attach to the tibial tuberosity

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10
Q

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament (MCL)

A

Extra-capsular and sits medially

Connects the tibia to the inferior part of the tibia

It prevents excess valgus (medial) stress to the knee joint

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11
Q

What does the MCL help to prevent?

A

Excess valgus (medial) stress to the knee joint

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12
Q

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL)

A

Extra-capsular and sits laterally

Originates on the lateral epicondyle of the femur and inserts on the fibular head

It prevents excess valgus (lateral) stress to the knee joint

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13
Q

What does the LCL help to prevent?

A

Excess valgus (lateral) stress to the knee joint

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14
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament

A

Originates as an extension of the semimembranosus muscle tendon

Crosses the back of the knee

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15
Q

Arcuate popliteal ligament

A

An extra-capsular ligament of the knee

Y-shaped

Attached to the posterior portion of the head of the fibula

Has 2 insertions - medially and laterally

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16
Q

Anterolateral ligament (ALL)

A

On the lateral aspect of the knee, anterior to the fibular collateral ligament

Thought to control internal tibial rotation

17
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

Intra-capsular ligament

Joins the femur to the front of the shinbone

Stabiles the knee

Prevents tibia from being pushed forward relative to the femur

18
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

Intra-capsular ligament

The posterior cruciate ligament and ACL connect the femur to the shinbone

Prevents the tibia from being pushed backwards relative to the femur

19
Q

Medial meniscus

A

A fibrocartilage semi-circular band that spans the knee joint medially

Located between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia

Protects the tibia and femur from rubbing against each other

Increases concavity of tibial condyle surface

20
Q

Lateral meniscus

A

A fibrocartilaginous semi-circular band that spans the lateral side of the interior of the knee joint

Protects the tibia and femur from rubbing against each other

Increases concavity of tibial condyle surface

21
Q

Transverse ligament

A

Connects the anterior lateral meniscus to the anterior medial meniscus

22
Q

Other name for transverse ligament

A

Anterior meniscomeniscal ligament

Important for knee extension - prevents the anterior horns of the menisci from coming forward, which would cause the condyles of the femur and tibia to put pressure on the menisci

23
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Ligaments are durable bands of fibrous tissue that connect joints and strengthen them

24
Q

What is the difference between ligaments and tendons?

A

Ligaments connect bones to bones
Tendons connect bones to muscles

25
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

Smooth white tissue that covers the end of bones where they converge at joints, minimising friction and allowing bones to glide over each-other

26
Q

What happens to the articular cartilage and menisci as you get older?

A

They wear down, exposing the underlying bone

This changes the load distribution and biomechanics of the knee, causing pain and inflammation as the bones grind together

Anatomy (15 decks)

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