Introduction To Blood

Question 1

In an average 70kg man, what is the number of litres in circulation. Please split this into lungs, systemic venous and heart artierisl circulation

Answer 1

5l total, 1l lung, 3l systemic venous circulation, 1l in heart and arterial circulation

Question 2

Is ther more blood in systemic venous circulation or heart/arterial circulation?

Answer 2

Venous as the walls are more flexible and can hold greater capacity of blood, remember what Hannah told you about taking blood. Feel for vein as it’s bouncy

Question 3

There is less blood in women but same % of body weight is blood? True or false

Answer 3

True, it’s approx 7-8%

Question 4

How many litres does new born baby have ?

Answer 4

350 ml

Question 5

List the 6 functions of blood

Answer 5

Regulation of pH in ECF
Thermoregulation 
Carries gas
Defence
Clotting
Protein carrier

Question 6

If 7-8% of blood is body weight, what percentage of that is plasma? And of that how much is water and how much is protein/nutrients

Answer 6

4%

5% protein/nutrients, 95% water

Question 7

List the 3 proteins in plasma in order of abundance

Answer 7

Albunim 60%
Globulin 38%
Fibrinogen 2%

Question 8

What is albunim 2 functions

Answer 8

To create colloid oncotic pressure (as it’s most abundant protein in the blood) and to transport lipophilic proteins

Question 9

Globulin has 3 subtypes, alpha, beta and gamma. How does alpha and beta differ from gamma

Answer 9

Alpha and beta merely transport lipiphilic proteins like albunim but gamma is in defence and immunoglobulin

Question 10

Plasma proteins are sometimes taken up in to the cell, true or false

Answer 10

False, plasma proteins are never taken up in to the cell. But hormones transported by them can

Question 11

Define colloid oncotic pressure

Answer 11

Pressure of water wanting to enter the capillary wall after being displaced by proteins in the plasma.

Question 12

Net direction of movement is determined by what two forces

Answer 12

Colloid oncotic pressure and capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 13

What is the name of the cell at the top of the lineage

Answer 13

Pluripotent stem cells

Question 14

Put these in order from least to most matured

Answer 14

Ritiulocyte, erythroblast, erythrocyte

Question 15

What is the lifespan of a erythrocyte

Answer 15

120 days then removed via spleen

Question 16

What does the biconcave shape of erythrocyte achieve

Answer 16

Increases volumes to surface ratio

Question 17

What is the hormone which controls erythropoiesis and where is it produced

Answer 17

Erythropoietin
85% kidney
15%liver

Question 18

Secretion of erythropoietin increases when descreased oxygen gets to the kidneys, what is this called

Answer 18

Hypoxia

Question 19

When would I expect to feel the benefits from hypoxia

Answer 19

2-3 days

Question 20

Why is kidney disease accompanied by anaemia

Answer 20

Unable to produce erythropoietin

Question 21

What is the half life of neutrophils

Answer 21

10 hours

Question 22

After 72 hours monocytes migrate out of the blood into connective tissue and become _________

Answer 22

Macrophages

Question 23

How long do monocytes last

Answer 23

72 hours in circulation

3 months as macrophage in connective tissue

Question 24

Define cytokines

Answer 24

Protein/peptide released from one type of cell to act on another

Question 25

What is differential stimulation

Answer 25

Tailored response of cytokines to produce/activate different cell types depending on the pathogens

Question 26

Life span of platelet

Answer 26

10 days

Question 27

Do platelets contain a nucleus

Answer 27

Rarely, only if the part it budded off from the megakarytocyte contained the nucleus

Question 28

T cells are the least abundant in the blood

Answer 28

False, it’s platelets

Question 29

Platelets lay the foundations for a blood clot to form but it’s not part of the actual clot , true or false

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Define what the haematocrit is

Answer 30

Volume of red blood cells which is measured by centrifugation

Question 31

Why is the plasma yellow

Answer 31

Yellow due to the bilirubin. This is then broken down by the liver

Question 32

What causes yellowing of skin

Answer 32

Liver disease, the bilirubin builds up blood and gets to the skin causing yellowing

Question 33

How much of blood sample is red blood cell after centrifugation

Answer 33

40-50% but would be increased if doping was occurring

Question 34

Name the 3 factors which varies viscosity

Answer 34

1) haematocrit : 50% red blood cells = 100 % viscosity increase
2) temperature : decrease in temp increase viscosity
3) flow rate : if flow rate is decreased cell to cell adhesion is occurring