Introduction To Blood Flashcards
In an average 70kg man, what is the number of litres in circulation. Please split this into lungs, systemic venous and heart artierisl circulation
5l total, 1l lung, 3l systemic venous circulation, 1l in heart and arterial circulation
Is ther more blood in systemic venous circulation or heart/arterial circulation?
Venous as the walls are more flexible and can hold greater capacity of blood, remember what Hannah told you about taking blood. Feel for vein as it’s bouncy
There is less blood in women but same % of body weight is blood? True or false
True, it’s approx 7-8%
How many litres does new born baby have ?
350 ml
List the 6 functions of blood
Regulation of pH in ECF Thermoregulation Carries gas Defence Clotting Protein carrier
If 7-8% of blood is body weight, what percentage of that is plasma? And of that how much is water and how much is protein/nutrients
4%
5% protein/nutrients, 95% water
List the 3 proteins in plasma in order of abundance
Albunim 60%
Globulin 38%
Fibrinogen 2%
What is albunim 2 functions
To create colloid oncotic pressure (as it’s most abundant protein in the blood) and to transport lipophilic proteins
Globulin has 3 subtypes, alpha, beta and gamma. How does alpha and beta differ from gamma
Alpha and beta merely transport lipiphilic proteins like albunim but gamma is in defence and immunoglobulin
Plasma proteins are sometimes taken up in to the cell, true or false
False, plasma proteins are never taken up in to the cell. But hormones transported by them can
Define colloid oncotic pressure
Pressure of water wanting to enter the capillary wall after being displaced by proteins in the plasma.
Net direction of movement is determined by what two forces
Colloid oncotic pressure and capillary hydrostatic pressure
What is the name of the cell at the top of the lineage
Pluripotent stem cells
Put these in order from least to most matured
Ritiulocyte, erythroblast, erythrocyte
What is the lifespan of a erythrocyte
120 days then removed via spleen
What does the biconcave shape of erythrocyte achieve
Increases volumes to surface ratio
What is the hormone which controls erythropoiesis and where is it produced
Erythropoietin
85% kidney
15%liver
Secretion of erythropoietin increases when descreased oxygen gets to the kidneys, what is this called
Hypoxia
When would I expect to feel the benefits from hypoxia
2-3 days
Why is kidney disease accompanied by anaemia
Unable to produce erythropoietin
What is the half life of neutrophils
10 hours
After 72 hours monocytes migrate out of the blood into connective tissue and become _________
Macrophages
How long do monocytes last
72 hours in circulation
3 months as macrophage in connective tissue
Define cytokines
Protein/peptide released from one type of cell to act on another
What is differential stimulation
Tailored response of cytokines to produce/activate different cell types depending on the pathogens
Life span of platelet
10 days
Do platelets contain a nucleus
Rarely, only if the part it budded off from the megakarytocyte contained the nucleus
T cells are the least abundant in the blood
False, it’s platelets
Platelets lay the foundations for a blood clot to form but it’s not part of the actual clot , true or false
True
Define what the haematocrit is
Volume of red blood cells which is measured by centrifugation
Why is the plasma yellow
Yellow due to the bilirubin. This is then broken down by the liver
What causes yellowing of skin
Liver disease, the bilirubin builds up blood and gets to the skin causing yellowing
How much of blood sample is red blood cell after centrifugation
40-50% but would be increased if doping was occurring
Name the 3 factors which varies viscosity
1) haematocrit : 50% red blood cells = 100 % viscosity increase
2) temperature : decrease in temp increase viscosity
3) flow rate : if flow rate is decreased cell to cell adhesion is occurring
