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Foundations Of Medicine > Carbs > Flashcards

Carbs Flashcards

1
Q

Where is most glycogen stored

A

Skeletal muscle and liver

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2
Q

Describe glycogen structure

A

Enzyme core, with polysaccharide around it. Ends are non reducing

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3
Q

Gags are found where and what are they a class within

A

Mucous and synovial fluid

Class within glycoproteins

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4
Q

If carbohydrate is greater than protein what is it called

A

Glycoproteins

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5
Q

Hurler syndrome is caused by what lack of enzyme

A

Muccopolysacchardase
Glycoaminoglyons build up
Damage to bone growth, eyes cloud,
Death at 10

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6
Q

Where does breakdown occur of starch

A

Mouth and duodenum by amylase

Jejunum by musosal cell surface enzymes

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7
Q

Glut2 take glucose into the blood, what takes in fructose

A

Glut 5

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8
Q

What is also taken in to the epithelial cell along with glucose

A

2 Sodium

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9
Q

In the sodium potassium pump, 3 Na ions are pumped out of the cell while 2 K ions are pumped in, true or false

A

True

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10
Q

What is the benefit of cellulose and hemicellulose if it can’t be degraded

A

Increases faecal bulk but decreases transit time

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11
Q

If a sugar can’t be broken down what does it result in

A

Distension and cramps

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12
Q

Give the name of the disaccharide deficiency

A

Lactose intolerance

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13
Q

Once glucose is absorbed into the blood where does it go

A

Liver

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14
Q

What immediately is glucose converted to when taken up into the liver and why

A

Glucose 6 phosphate so it won’t leave through glut receptors

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15
Q

Name the enzymes responsible for taking up glucose

A 
glucokinase = liver
Hexokinase = all other tissue types
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16
Q

How does glucokinase differ from hexokinase (

A

Location where it is
Gluco has high K and V
Hexokinase has low

17
Q

Starch is a polysaccharide of which sugar?

A

Glucose

18
Q

Difference between starch and glycogen

A

Glycogen is densely packed due to increased amylopectin

19
Q

Function of Gags

A

Muscous and synovial fluid, unbranched polysacchsrides therefore glide over one another

20
Q

Proteoglycans has more protein than carbohydrate

A

False ! Proteo is added to the carbohydrate therefor more carbs than protein

21
Q

Glucose is converted to glucose 6 phosphate by hexokinase in the liver, true or false

A

True, glucokinase is in other tissue

22
Q

The core protein in glycogen is called ______

A

Glycogenin

23
Q

Glucogenin creates a primer for glycogen, but what is the name of the enzyme which adds glucose residues and the other which creates non reducing ends

A

Glycogen synthase and glycogen branching enzymes

24
Q

When glucose is removed from glycogen it is in the form of _______ which is easily converted to glucose

A

Glucose 1 phosphate, removed by glycogen phosphorylase

25
Q

van gierks disease is caused by an increase in muscle glycogen

A

No, it’s mcArdles disease

26
Q

When does gluconeogenisis occur

A

During fasting when glycogen gets depleted

27
Q

Why does drinking result in lacticadaemia and hypoglycaemia

A

Ethanol requires Nad+ therefore non left for gluconeogensis

28
Q

What are the 3 irreversible stages of glycolysis

A

1st Hexokinase, glucose to glucose 6 pho
2nd phosphofructose, fru-6 phos to fru 1,6 bisphos
3rd pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate

29
Q

What is limited during glycolysis

A

NAD

30
Q

How is NAD obtained for glycolysis

A

Vitamins and via lactate production,

31
Q

Pepck mice has an overactive pep carboxylase. Why does this result in long life, running faster, higher endurance

A

pep carboxylase is required for gluconeogensis. Break down it therefore high glucose in the blood

32
Q

What is the overall aim of aerobic respiration

A

Oxidise carbon to form CO2 and electron

33
Q

the citric acid cycle is allosterically controlled, true or false

A

True

34
Q

Pyruvate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. This is an irreversible reaction therefore is allosertically controlled by:

A
  • acetyl CoA, ATP, NADH

+ pyruvate, Adp, NAD

35
Q

Citric acid cycle is amphibolic. What does this mean

A

Intermediates involved in catabolism and metabolism

36
Q

In the ETC, energy is stored by what

A

Elcectro chemical gradient

37
Q

Draw an ATP synathse

A

Check book

38
Q

If ETC is uncoupled, give an example in mammal and plants

A

Skunk lettuce, melt frost

Baby cold causes norepinephrine to be released triggering thermogenin channels to open

39
Q

Galactose and galactose both have a 6 carbon structure, true or false

A

True, both 6

Foundations Of Medicine (14 decks)

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