Introduction to Biomolecules Flashcards
Carbohydrate
One of the 4 biomolecules whose primary function is to provide short term energy
examples: bread, cereal, fruit and veges, sugars, starch, and cellulose
Protein
One of the 4 biomolecules whose primary functions include grown and maintenance of tissues, regulating metabolism, building muscle, and maintaining proper pH and fluid balance
examples: eggs, fish, chicken, nuts, and enzymes
Lipid
One of the 4 biomolecules whose primary functions are insulation, protection, and long term energy storage
examples: wax, oil, fat, butter, lard and steroids
Nucleic Acid
One of the 4 biomolecules whose primary function is to store and transmit genetic information
Enzyme
A type of protein that acts as a catalyst within living cells
Catalyst
A chemical that increases the rate at which chemical reactions occur withour being consumed or permanently changed themselves
Substrate
A molecule/substance upon which an enzyme acts on/binds with
Active Site
A retricted region/area of the Enzyme where the substrate binds to and undergoes a chemical reaction
Denature
A change in the shape of the enzyme making the enzyme useless or less efective
What type of organisms use biomolecules?
Living
What are the 4 main biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Are monomers single or multiple molecules?
Single
What does the root word “mono” mean?
1 or single
What are the the 4 main types of monomers?
Monosacharides, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, Nucleotides
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
What is a function of a carbohhydrate?
To store energy short term; it is the bodies main source of energy
What is an example of a carbohydrate?
Bread, Pasta, Fruit, Vegetables, Sugar
What are examples of sugars?
FructOSE, GlucOSE, GalactOSE, SucrOSE
What is the same about alll examples of sugars?
They all end in OSE
Anything that ends in OSE is a sugar, which means Fructose, Maltose, Lactose are examples of?
Sugar
What are the different types of carbohydrates?
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
What are the three main functions of a Lipid?
Protection, Insulation, Long Term Energy Storage
What are some examples of Lipids?
Oil, Butter, Blubber, Lard, Grease, Wax, Steroids, Fats
What are he buillding blocks of Lipids?
1 Glycerol back bone and 3 Fatty Acids
What is the monomer of an Protein?
Amino Acid
What are the functions of Proteins?
Growth and Repair of Tissues, Build Muscle, Controls Metabolic Reactions, Hormone Production, Acting as Enzymes
What are two specific examples of proteins you could buy from the grocery store.
Meat, Beans
Which of the examples of proteins would be used by a person with diabeties?
Insulin
If you were trying to increase your muscle mass, what foods would be good for you to eat?
Meat, Milk, Eggs, Beans
What is the monomer of a Nucleic Acid?
Nucleotide
What is the function of a Nucleic Acid?
To store and transmit genetic information
What are two examples of Nucleic Acids?
DNA and RNA
