introduction to biology - (lecture 2)

Question 1

reasons for using latin in taxonomy

Answer 1

• no common name exists for every organism
• one species can have many common names
• one name can be used for many different species
• latin is a dead language, nobody uses it, it doesn’t change

Question 2

all languages used today are constantly _________, so we can’t use them.

Answer 2

evolving

Question 3

observation (of a phenomenon)

Answer 3

the first step of the scientific method begins with an…

Question 4

hypothesis (a testable guess)

Answer 4

the second step of the scientific method is where one develops…

Question 5

if, then statement

Answer 5

the third step of the scientific method is to make a prediction in the form of an…

Question 6

experiment

Answer 6

the fourth step of the scientific method is to devise a test of your predictions, called an…

Question 7

prove

Answer 7

you can never _____ a hypothesis is correct

Question 8

disprove

Answer 8

you can ______ a hypothesis

Question 9

independent variable

Answer 9

the group within an experiment that receives the treatment. it is also called the experimental group

Question 10

control group

Answer 10

the group within an experiment that is used for comparison, and is identical to the test group(s) other than the variable being tested

Question 11

sample size

Answer 11

non-representative samples skew results. we can minimizing this by using the appropriate…

Question 12

population size

Answer 12

as the sample size approaches the __________ _____, the results will get more accurate

Question 13

selective agents

Answer 13

breeders are ___________ ______ because they take favored traits and allow those individuals to breed only; therefore becoming more common in the population

Question 14

cultivars

Answer 14

“cultivated varieties,” one species becomes many types or breeds through selective breeding; it remains as the same foundational species however

Question 15

adaptive trait

Answer 15

a trait that gives the individual an advantage in survival or reproduction

Question 16

• individuals vary
• variation is heritable
• organisms produce too many offspring

Answer 16

darwin’s three claims to evolution:

Question 17

current, local

Answer 17

on average, those individuals who are favored by the _______, ______ environment will survive and reproduce

Question 18

evolution

Answer 18

descent with modification:
- genetically based change in a line of descent over time
- population changes, not individuals

Question 19

mutation

Answer 19

a change in the structure of DNA or a “biochemical typo.” this is the basis for the variation in heritable traits; most are harmful

Question 20

dna > rna > protein > trait

Answer 20

central dogma of biology

Question 21

ecology

Answer 21

the study of how populations interact with each other and their nonliving environment

Question 22

basic research

Answer 22

research that takes the unknown and makes it known

Question 23

applied questions

Answer 23

research carried out in order to directly helps humans

Question 24

saint matthew’s island

Answer 24

an island where 19 officers were dispatched during world war ii with 29 reindeer for provision; they left the island and the reindeer population exploded exponentially and then died out in the 1980’s