community ecology continued - (lecture 5)

Question 1

a parasite of a parasite is called a…

Answer 1

parasitoid

Question 2

an example of a parasite and a parasatoid is…

Answer 2

a wasp lays its eggs in an aphid which is sucking the juice out of a tobacco plant (lovely, amiright?)

Question 3

the term for a bird laying its eggs in another bird’s nest, leaving them there, and the owner of the nest raising the young

Answer 3

nest parasitism

Question 4

a type of interaction where one species benefits and the other is unaffected

Answer 4

commensalism

Question 5

name some examples of commensalism

Answer 5

• nest in a tree
• cowbirds and bison
• burrs and mammals
• barnacles and sea turtles

Question 6

when two or more species are head to head in regards to resources, mates, etc

Answer 6

competition

Question 7

competition between species is called…

Answer 7

interspecific competition

Question 8

competition between members of the same species is called…

Answer 8

intraspecific competition

Question 9

competition where individuals fight to the extent where no group really benefits

Answer 9

interference competition

Question 10

competition where one species domineers a resource and prevents the other species from accessing it

Answer 10

exploitative competition

Question 11

a process whereby two species compete for a limiting resource, and one drives the other to competitive extinction

outcomes: local extinction OR the species adapts and the niche gets subdivided

Answer 11

competitive exclusion

Question 12

an experiment where some guy FINISH THIS

Answer 12

gause’s experiment

Question 13

subdividing niches
- apparent competitors may have a slightly different niche
- might use resources in a different way or time
-minimizes competition and allows coexistence

Answer 13

resource partitioning

Question 14

plants can subdivide their niches by…

Answer 14

adapting to overcrowding by adjusting depth of root systems

Question 15

a type of interaction where species that capture, kill, and consume another species. they are free-living; they do not take up residence on their prey

Answer 15

predation

Question 16

the process by which each generation of prey becomes faster, more camouflaged, and/or has more fitting skills to fit the environment than the last due to being able to escape predation.

the opposite is true as well, the predator must be able to catch the next, more agile/fitting generation for the time and place

Answer 16

coevolution (the evolutionary “arms race”)

Question 17

example of coevolution…

Answer 17

as snail shells have thickened, claws of snail-eating crabs have become more massive

Question 18

name some prey defense methods

Answer 18

• camoflage
• mimicry
• warning coloration
• moment of truth defenses

Question 19

name some predator response methods

Answer 19

• camouflage
• speed/power

Question 20

the dynamic between predators and their prey is constant _________

Answer 20

occillation

Question 21

a species that has a disproportionately large effect on a community structure

Answer 21

keystone species

Question 22

introduction of ___________ species can decimate a community

Answer 22

nonnative/nonindigineous

Question 23

examples of nonnative species

Answer 23

• hydrilla in the lower lake
• kudzu in the US
• caulerpa taxifola