Introduction to Biochemistry

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

A substance that cannot be broken down to another substance

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

A substance consisting of 2 or more elements

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

Smallest unit of an element

Question 5

Subatomic Particles

Answer 5

• The bits of matter that form an element
• Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 6

Valence electrons

Answer 6

• Electrons in the outermost shell
• Participate in chemical bonding

Question 7

Molecule

Answer 7

2 or more atoms connected by covalent bonds

Question 8

Covalent bond

Answer 8

The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms

Question 9

Polar covalent bond

Answer 9

A covalent bond where the electrons are not shared equally

Question 10

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 10

• Interaction between an electropositive hydrogen and an electronegative atom
• Hydrogen bonds to NOF

Question 11

Van der Waals Interactions

Answer 11

Weak interactions occurring between temporarily charged atoms or molecules

Question 12

Chemical Reaction

Answer 12

• The making or breaking of chemical bonds, leading to a change in the composition of matter
• Energy either required or produced

Question 13

What causes the unique properties of water?

Answer 13

Extensive hydrogen bonding

Question 14

Cohesive Behaviour

Answer 14

• Hydrogen bonding gives water unusual structure, holding the substance together
• Ex: overfilling a glass of water

Question 15

Moderates Temperature

Answer 15

Takes lots of energy to change the temperature of water

Question 16

Expansion upon freezing

Answer 16

• Water is less dense as a solid than a liquid
• Prevents bodies of water from completely freezing

Question 17

Versatile Solvent

Answer 17

Molecules and atoms are either hydrophilic, hydrophobic or amphipathic

Question 18

4 Properties of Water

Answer 18

• Cohesive Behaviour
• Moderates Temperature
• Expansion upon freezing
• Versatile Solvent

Question 19

Organic Molecules

Answer 19

• Molecules containing carbon

Question 20

Hydrocarbon Molecules

Answer 20

Consists solely of carbon and hydrogen

Question 21

Isomer

Answer 21

Molecules with the same chemical makeup but different organization

Question 22

Structural isomer

Answer 22

Differ in covalent arrangement of atoms

Question 23

Cis-trans isomers

Answer 23

Differ in spatial arrangement around a double bond

Question 24

Enantiomers

Answer 24

Mirror image molecules due to an asymmetric carbon (chiral centre)

Question 25

Functional Groups

Answer 25

Groups of atoms that alter the function of a molecule

Question 26

ATP

Answer 26

• Adenosine Triphosphate
• Energetic organic molecule that provides energy required for many cellular processes

Question 27

Dipole

Answer 27

Partial postive/negative charges