introduction to BD Flashcards
behavior could be called “abnormal” if it is rare
statistically unusual behavior
behavior could be called “abnormal” if it goes against social norms
socially unacceptable behavior
behavior could be called “abnormal” if it affects one’s ability to function
dysfunctional behavior
behavior could be called “abnormal” if it causes someone to be distressed
personally distressing behavior
what are the 4 D’s for defining normality and disease?
- deviance
- distress
- dysfunction
- danger
behavior is different, extreme, or unusual from social norms
deviance
behavior is considered unpleasant and unsettling to patient (not possibly others)
distress
behavior interferes with daily functioning
dysfunction
behavior poses to risk of harm to self or others (may also be harmful to property/inanimate)
danger
The Ph.D.s
psychoLOGISTS
clinical, counseling, research
the Psy.D.s
psychoLOGISTS “doctors of psychology”
clinical, counseling
meant to be closer to a medical doctor, but limited or no prescribing
the M.D.s and D.O.s
PsychIATRISTS
clinical
can write for medication
the Master degrees
social work, counselors, nurses, NPs, PAs
some degrees may prescribe (NP, PA)
other mental health professionals
spiritual advisors, life coaches
role of psychiatrists
Prescribes medications; supervises hospital stays; less and less psychotherapy
role of clinical psychologist
Provides psychotherapy
role of counseling psychologist
Most often helps people make career choices or other changes in their lives, sometimes provides psychotherapy
role of psychiatric social work
Manages case for people in tx (e.g. financial, educational, career); psychotherapy
role of psychiatric nurse
Works with hospitalized psychiatric patients to improve functioning and manages various aspects of tx
role of nurse practitioner
Usually works with supervising psychiatrist, assessing clients and prescribing meds
role of PA
Usually works with supervising psychiatrist, assessing clients and prescribing meds
role of pastoral counselor
Supportive counseling primarily for people in counselor’s congregation
mental illness is associated with 5 things:
- increased occurence of chronic disease
- CV, diabetes, obesity, asthma, epilepsy, cancer - decreased use of medical care
- reduced adherence
- higher risks of adverse outcomes
- increased incidence of tobacco and alcohol use
manual used to determine a diagnosis and help communicate that diagnosis after it is made
DSM
what does the 3 things that the DSM allow?
- standardize what we consider to be “major depressive disorder,” “PTSD,” etc
- guides therapy for a diagnosis
- allows for statistical analysis
What does the DSM-V-TR include now (3)
- goals of better assessment of symptom severity and specific “treatment targets” for clinicians, as well as handling comorbidities
- changes and additions of a few ICD-10 (diagnosis) codes
- added “prolonged” grief disorder” - controversial!
what are the 3 criticisms of DSM-V-TR
- concern over being too subjective and not having enough scientific basis
- concern over diagnoses being based too much around social norms and cultural biases
- concern over initial nondisclosure agreement of authors of DSM-V and strong ties to the pharmaceutical industry
diagnostic criteria of DSM-V-TR
features sets of criteria for specific illnesses that help determine whether a patient has a fully developed disease of merely symptoms of that disease without meeting sufficient criteria for formal diagnosis
standard medical evaluation
- much more objective
- external validating criteria - diagnostic labs, imaging, PE
- high diagnostic reliability
standard psychiatric evaluation
- more subjective
- little-no external validating criteria
- lower diagnostic reliability
what is insight-oriented interviewing
learn about “what lies beneath” the objective data
