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PH 113 - Pharmacology 1 > Introduction to ANS Pharmacology > Flashcards

Introduction to ANS Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Also known as nerve cells; they possess electrical excitability

A

Neurons

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2
Q

Refers to the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential

A

Excitability

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3
Q

Refers to any change in the environment that is strong enough to initiate an action potential

A

Stimulus

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4
Q

Refers to an electrical signal that propagates along the surface of the neuron membrane

A

Action potential/Nerve impulse

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5
Q

3 parts of a neuron (SAD)

A

Soma, Axon, Dendrites

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6
Q

Refers to a cluster of cell bodies in the PNS; associated with cranial nerves and spinal nerves

A

Ganglion

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7
Q

Refers to a cluster of cell bodies in the CNS

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

Refers to a bundle of axons in the PNS

A

Nerve

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9
Q

Nerves that connect the brain to the PNS

A

Cranial nerves

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10
Q

Nerves that connect the spinal cord to the PNS

A

Spinal nerves

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11
Q

Refers to a bundle of axons in the CNS; they interconnect neurons in the CNS

A

Tract

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12
Q

Composed of the brain and spinal cord; used for integrative function and a source of thoughts, emotions, and memories (Main divisions of the nervous system)

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

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13
Q

Composed of all nervous tissue outside the CNS (Main divisions of the nervous system)

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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14
Q

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves from the brain

A

12

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15
Q

There are __________ pairs of spinal nerves from the spinal cord

A

31

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16
Q

2 divisions of the PNS (SM)

A

Sensory (afferent), Motor (efferent)

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17
Q

Conveys input from sensory receptors to the CNS (Divisions of the PNS)

A

Sensory (afferent) division

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18
Q

2 divisions of the sensory (afferent) division (SS)

A

Somatic senses, Special senses

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19
Q

Conveys output from the CNS to the effectors (muscles and glands) (Divisions of the PNS)

A

Motor (efferent) division

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20
Q

2 divisions of motor (efferent) division (SA)

A

Somatic nervous system, Autonomic nervous system

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21
Q

Conveys output from the CNS to the skeletal muscles; is voluntary (Divisions of motor division)

A

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

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22
Q

Conveys output from the CNS to the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; is involuntary (Divisions of motor division)

A

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

23
Q

Responsible for fight-or-flight responses (Divisions of the ANS)

A

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) / Thoracolumbar nervous system (TNS)

24
Q

Responsible for rest-and-digest activities (Divisions of the ANS)

A

Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) / Craniosacral nervous system (CNS)

25
Q

Regulate the activity of the smooth muscle and glands of the GI tract (Divisions of the ANS)

A

Enteric nervous system (ENS)

26
Q

__________ neuron is a neuron with a small diameter and has myelinated fibers

A

Preganglionic

27
Q

__________ neuron is a neuron with a small diameter and has unmyelinated fibers

A

Postganglionic

28
Q

Ganglia that lie in a vertical row on either side of the vertebral column from the base of the skull to the coccyx

A

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

29
Q

Ganglia that lie anterior to the vertebral column close of large abdominal arteries

A

Prevertebral ganglia

30
Q

All preganglionic fibers are __________

A

Cholinergic

31
Q

All parasympathetic postganglionic fibers are __________

A

Cholinergic

32
Q

Most sympathetic postganglionic fibers are __________

A

Adrenergic

33
Q

Some sympathetic postganglionic fibers, like those in the sweat glands, are __________

A

Cholinergic

34
Q

All preganglionic receptors are __________

A

Nicotinic

35
Q

In the SNS, preganglionic fibers are __________ than postganglionic fibers

A

Shorter

36
Q

In the PNS, the preganglionic fibers are __________ than postganglionic fibers

A

Longer

37
Q

A region where communication occurs between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell

A

Synapse

38
Q

A nerve cell that carries a nerve impulse toward a synapse

A

Presynaptic neuron

39
Q

A cell that receives a signal; composed of the postsynaptic neuron and effector cell

A

Postsynaptic cell

40
Q

Action potentials conduct directly between the plasma membranes of adjacent neurons through structures called __________, which contain connexons

A

Gap junctions

41
Q

__________ is a synapse that is common in visceral smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the developing embryo, and brain

A

Electrical synpase

42
Q

Cleft that separates the presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic cells; is filled with interstitial fluid

A

Synaptic cleft

43
Q

Chemical synapses have a synaptic delay of about __________ msec

A

0.5

44
Q

Proteins that allow the fusion of vesicles and plasma membrane

A

Snare proteins

45
Q

2 types of snare proteins

A

v-SNARE, t-SNARE

46
Q

Found in the vesicles (Types of snare proteins)

A

v-SNARE

47
Q

2 types of v-SNARE proteins (SS)

A

Synaptotagmin, Synaptobrevin

48
Q

A type of v-SNARE that binds Ca2+ that triggers the interaction of v-SNARE and t-SNARE proteins, resulting in fusion and exocytosis

A

Synaptotagmin

49
Q

Found in the target plasma membrane (Types of snare proteins)

A

t-SNARE

50
Q

2 types of t-SNARE proteins (SS)

A

Syntaxin, SNAP-25

51
Q

2 types of cholinoreceptors (NM)

A

Nicotinic, Muscarinic

52
Q

______________ refers to a catechol group with an ethylamine side chain

A

Catecholamines

53
Q

4 examples of catecholamines (CNED)

A

Catechol, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Dopamine

54
Q

2 types of adrenoreceptors

A

α receptors, β receptors

PH 113 - Pharmacology 1 (8 decks)

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