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ID 2 midterm 1 > introduction and PCNs > Flashcards

introduction and PCNs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 main beta-lactam antibiotics

A

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams

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2
Q

mechanisms of resistance for beta lactams

A

beta-lactamases, lower binding affinity of antibiotic,

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3
Q

what is the dosing for penicillin VK

A

250-500 mg po qid

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4
Q

what is the dosing for zosyn

A

3.375-4.5 gm IV q6hrs (can be done ext. infusion for IV infused over 4 hours q8h instead of q6h)

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5
Q

what is the dosing of ampicillin

A

1-2 grams IV q4-6 hours

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6
Q

what is amoxicillin dosing

A

250-500 mg PO q8h

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7
Q

what it amoxicillin/clavulanic acid dosing

A

875mg po BID

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8
Q

what PCN is good for staph

A

piperacillin/tazobactam and nafcillin

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9
Q

what PCN is good for strep

A

natural penicillin, amp/amoxicillin, nafcillin, piperacillin/tazobactam

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10
Q

what are all PCNs bad against

A

MSRA and atypicals

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11
Q

which PCN can be used against pseudomonas

A

piperacillin/tazobactamq

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12
Q

what is the drug of choice for MSSA

A

nafcillin

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13
Q

what is good against T. pallidum

A

natural penicillins

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14
Q

what happens when you add a beta-lactamase inhibitor with ampicillin/amoxicillin (what activity improves)

A

improved activity against MSSA, enteric/resp GNR, and anaerobes

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15
Q

what is first line for syphillis

A

penicillin

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16
Q

what is used ofr respiratory tract infections and otitis media

A

ampicillin/amoxicillin with or without beta-lactamase inhibitor

17
Q

what is used in most hospital acquired infections

A

piperacillin/tazobactam

18
Q

what are the ADRs of PCNS

A

N/V/D, hypersensitivity, hematologic toxicity(blood problems)

19
Q

what drug can be used against E. faecalis

A

ampicillin or amoxicillin

20
Q

list the beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam, avibactam

21
Q

improved activity against beta-lactamase producing bacteria

A

expanded spectrum of activity, reduced MIC

22
Q

list the aminopenicillins

A

ampicillin (with or without sulbactam), amoxicillin with or without clavulanic acid

23
Q

what can natural penicillins treat

A

strep, gram positive anaerobes, T.pallidum

24
Q

what do natural penicillins have no activity against?

A

staph, enterobactericiae

25
Q

what are amp/amox active against

A

strep, E. faecalis, non-beta lactamase producing H. flu, Moraxella species

26
Q

what are amp/amoxicillins poor against, and what can you add to make it stronger?

A

staph, anaerobes, enteric GNR, but can add beta-lactamase inhibitors

27
Q

what are the only things naficillins can treat

A

strep and staph

28
Q

zosyn activity

A

gram - , gram +, anaerobes, strep, staph, enterococci, pseudomonas

ID 2 midterm 1 (8 decks)

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