introduction and PCNs Flashcards
what are the 4 main beta-lactam antibiotics
penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams
mechanisms of resistance for beta lactams
beta-lactamases, lower binding affinity of antibiotic,
what is the dosing for penicillin VK
250-500 mg po qid
what is the dosing for zosyn
3.375-4.5 gm IV q6hrs (can be done ext. infusion for IV infused over 4 hours q8h instead of q6h)
what is the dosing of ampicillin
1-2 grams IV q4-6 hours
what is amoxicillin dosing
250-500 mg PO q8h
what it amoxicillin/clavulanic acid dosing
875mg po BID
what PCN is good for staph
piperacillin/tazobactam and nafcillin
what PCN is good for strep
natural penicillin, amp/amoxicillin, nafcillin, piperacillin/tazobactam
what are all PCNs bad against
MSRA and atypicals
which PCN can be used against pseudomonas
piperacillin/tazobactamq
what is the drug of choice for MSSA
nafcillin
what is good against T. pallidum
natural penicillins
what happens when you add a beta-lactamase inhibitor with ampicillin/amoxicillin (what activity improves)
improved activity against MSSA, enteric/resp GNR, and anaerobes
what is first line for syphillis
penicillin
what is used ofr respiratory tract infections and otitis media
ampicillin/amoxicillin with or without beta-lactamase inhibitor
what is used in most hospital acquired infections
piperacillin/tazobactam
what are the ADRs of PCNS
N/V/D, hypersensitivity, hematologic toxicity(blood problems)
what drug can be used against E. faecalis
ampicillin or amoxicillin
list the beta-lactamase inhibitors
clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam, avibactam
improved activity against beta-lactamase producing bacteria
expanded spectrum of activity, reduced MIC
list the aminopenicillins
ampicillin (with or without sulbactam), amoxicillin with or without clavulanic acid
what can natural penicillins treat
strep, gram positive anaerobes, T.pallidum
what do natural penicillins have no activity against?
staph, enterobactericiae
what are amp/amox active against
strep, E. faecalis, non-beta lactamase producing H. flu, Moraxella species
what are amp/amoxicillins poor against, and what can you add to make it stronger?
staph, anaerobes, enteric GNR, but can add beta-lactamase inhibitors
what are the only things naficillins can treat
strep and staph
zosyn activity
gram - , gram +, anaerobes, strep, staph, enterococci, pseudomonas
