cephalosporins

Question 1

what is the dosing for cefazolin

Answer 1

1-2 grams IV q8 hours

Question 2

what is the dosing for cephalexin

Answer 2

250-500 mg PO q6h

Question 3

what is the main indication of first generation cephalosporin

Answer 3

gram positive activity against MSSA(staph) and streptococci

Question 4

what is the main indication for 2nd generation (true cephalosporins)

Answer 4

MSSA, strep, and increased activity against gram-(H.flu, Moraxella), CA upper respiratory tract infections

Question 5

dosing for cefuroxime

Answer 5

0.75-1.5 grams IV q8h -true cephalosporin

Question 6

which cephalosporins are good against anaerobes

Answer 6

cephamycins (cefotetan and cefoxitin)

Question 7

cefotetan dosing

Answer 7

1-2 grams IV q12h

Question 8

cefoxitin dosing

Answer 8

1-2 grams IV q6-8h

Question 9

ceftriaxone dosing

Answer 9

1-2 grams IV q24h or 2 grams IV q12h if CNS is infected

Question 10

cefdinir dosing

Answer 10

300 mg PO BID

Question 11

what are 3rd generation cephalosporins bad against

Answer 11

enterococci and pseudomonas

Question 12

cefepime dosing

Answer 12

1-2 grams IV q8-12h

Question 13

cephamycins vs first gen cephalosporins

Answer 13

lower gram+ activity

Question 14

cephamycin indication (2nd gen)

Answer 14

gram negative and anaerobes (B. fragilis)

Question 15

ceftazidime type and dosing

Answer 15

3rd gen and 1-2 gm IV q8hr

Question 16

3 gen vs 1/2 gen ceph

Answer 16

better gram negative activity

Question 17

what can 3rd gen be used to treat

Answer 17

streptococci, common respiratory/enteric gram(-) pathogens

Question 18

what are the 3rd gens to note?

Answer 18

ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefdinir

Question 19

should you use 3rd gen ceph for MSSA?

Answer 19

not really

Question 20

indications for IV 3rd generation Ceph

Answer 20

CA and HA infections like CNS, PNA, UTI, SSTI

Question 21

4th gen ceph activity

Answer 21

gram negatives like pseudomonas and enterbactericiae, and gram positive like MSSA and strep

Question 22

4th gen drug and dosing

Answer 22

cefepime 1-2 gm IV q8-12 hours

Question 23

indications of 4th gen ceph

Answer 23

ha infections like pneumonia, UTI, wound infection

Question 24

anti-mrsa ceph works against

Answer 24

gram positives (MSSA,MRSA), common enteric and respiratory aerobic gram negative bacteria

Question 25

anti-MRSA ceph does not work against

Answer 25

enterococci, pseudomonas

Question 26

anti-MRSA drug and dosing

Answer 26

ceftaroline fosamil 600 mg IV q12h

Question 27

anti-MRSA indications

Answer 27

ssti, pneumonia, bacteremia

Question 28

when can you use ceftazidime/avibactam or ceftolozome/tazobactam

Answer 28

for treatment of MDR gram negative bacteria with ID specialist consultation

Question 29

what is cefiderocol used for

Answer 29

MDR gram negative bacteria including carbapenemase producing strains

Question 30

ADR of cephalosporins

Answer 30

N/V/D, hypersensitivity, hematologic toxicity

Question 31

ADR of cefepime

Answer 31

neurotoxicity

Question 32

adr of ceftriaxone

Answer 32

biliary sludge, usually a concern for young children

Question 33

in general, 1-4 generation and anti-MRSA ceph have no activity against

Answer 33

atypicals, entercocci, anaerobes except cephamycins, MRSA except ceftaroline, broad spectrum beta lactamases like AmpC except cefepime, ESBL, carbapenase