Introduction

Question 1

Define microbiology

Answer 1

the study of microorganisms

Question 2

Define microorganisms

Answer 2

organisms that can’t be seen by the naked eye because they’re microscopic

Question 3

What are the characteristics of microorganisms?

Answer 3

they can generate energy and grow without the help of other cells

Question 4

Define biofilms

Answer 4

communities where microbes can communicate and initiate group behaviour

Question 5

What century were microscopes invented in?

Answer 5

17th

Question 6

What was Robert Hooke’s contribution?

Answer 6

1665: gave cells their name, published first accurate microscopic drawings

Question 7

What was Antoni van Leeuwenhoek’s contribution?

Answer 7

1684: “father of microbiology”, published first microbe drawing

Question 8

The causes of infectious disease were unknown until ___

Answer 8

19th century

Question 9

What did poor medical knowledge lead to?

Answer 9

inaccurate theories about disease cause, witch hunts, inappropriate treatment

Question 10

What is spontaneous generation?

What was thought to be needed in order for it to happen?

Answer 10

• the theory that some vital force can create living organisms from inanimate objects
• fresh air

Question 11

What was Francesco Redi’s contribution?

Answer 11

1600: demonstrated meat didn’t produce maggots if it was covered with gauze

Question 12

What was Lazzaro Spallanzani’s contribution?

Answer 12

1800: demonstrated nothing grew in boiled/sealed liquids

Question 13

What was Ignaz Semelweis’s contribution?

Answer 13

1847: showed childbed fever (puerperal sepsis) is contagious and washing hands in chlorine solution was a solution

Question 14

What was Joseph Lister’s contribution?

Answer 14

1867: found phenol solution reduced death from infection after surgery

Question 15

What was Robert Koch’s contribution?

Answer 15

1877: anthrax was caused by bacillus anthracis and tuberculosis was also caused by bacteria (1882)

Question 16

What did Pasteur’s experiment prove?

Answer 16

microbes were present in the air and a possible source of infection

Question 17

What came of Pasteur’s findings?

Answer 17

sterilization, pasteurization, vaccines

Question 18

Who wrote the Diagnostic Bacteriologique?

Answer 18

Dr. Trouessart

Question 19

What are the types of microorganisms?

Answer 19

• prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)
• eukaryotes (protazoa, algae, fungi, plant cells, animal cells)
• viruses/viroids/prions

Question 20

What is LUCA?

Answer 20

Last Common Known Ancestor

Question 21

Microbes on Earth: ___% marine subsurface, ___% terrestrial surface, ___% surface soil, ___% oceans, ___% other

Answer 21

66/26/4.8/2.2/1.0

Question 22

True or false: microbes have been present anywhere scientists have looked, even in extreme conditions

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Which industries specifically are microbes crucial for?

Answer 23

the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, the agriculture industry, the environmental industry