Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Aircraft Systems > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

what are teh three categories of an aircraft

A

airframe
powerplant
systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

airframe purpose

A

rigidity (structures) l

lift (aerodynamics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what weight are systems

A

1/3 of empty mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

percentage of development costs to systems

A

1/3 developmetn costs and production cost (higher military)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

percentage of systems for DOC and DMC

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a source of major improventes in systems

A

digital data processing technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

give an example of multidiscipline disign optimization

A

aircon affecting engine design

load gust aleviations to reduce loads on wings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is WATOG

A

world airlines technical operations glossary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what document groups aircraft systems? how does it do it?

A

specification 100 of the Air Transport Association of America
3 two digit numbers for system, subsystem, and part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

list the subdivisions between system and part

A 
system
subsystem
component 
subassembly 
part
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a system

A

interrealted items working to perform a function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a subsystem

A

a functional portino of a system. which contributes to operational task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does ATA call aircraft systems

A

airframe systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ATA 21

A

aircon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ATA 24

A

ELECTRICAL POWER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ATA 27

A

FLIGHT CONTROLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ATA 26

A

FIRE PROTECTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ATA 28

A

FEUL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ATA 29

A

HYDRULIC POWER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ATA 30

A

ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ATA 32

A

LANDING GEAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ATA 35

A

OXYGEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ATA 36

A

PNEUMATIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ATA 38

A

WATER/WASTE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ATA 49

A

AIRBOURNE AUXILARY POWER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which systems are avionics? what characterizes avionic systems

A

auto flight, communication, indication and recording, navigation

processing information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the primary purpose of gerneral systems or utility system? examples

A

transfer of energy

aircon, electrical, pneumatic, feul (non avionic)

28
Q

what document has spec 100 ATA become a part of?

A

ATA 2200

29
Q

secondary power systems-> define, list

A

nonpropulsive generation and transfer of power

electrical power (24), 29 hydraulic, 36 pneumatic, 49 auxilary power

30
Q

what is the enviornmental control system? which systems do it

A

maintain immediate temp and pressure of enviornment

2-> aircon 21 and 35 oxygen

31
Q

describe the basic process of certification

A

OEM of aricraft works with aviation authorities to develop a certification plan

analysis, flight tests, and ground test show compliance with certification requirements

a type certificate is issued for the aircraft

each craft must show airworthiness and conformity to prototype

follow agreed upon maintenance schedule

32
Q

what is certification based off of for large aeroplanes?

A

europe -> JAR 25

us -> FAR part 25 Airworthiness Standard: Transport Category Airplanes

33
Q

how to interpret FAR part 25 and JAR 25?

A

matericals provided.
FAR: AC (Advisory Circulars) AC 25-17 and AC25-22

JAR: ACJ (Advisory Circulars Joint)
AMJ (Advisory Materials joint)

34
Q

define safety

A

risk is lower than permissible risk. risk is probabilty of failure

35
Q

how is risk defined in safety definition?

A

probability of failure

36
Q

how are the safety requirements categorized? where stated?

A

section 1309 of jar 25
prob of failure 10 ^ __ per flight hour -> effect

0 to -2 -> normal
-2 to -2 -> nuisance
-3 to -5 -> operational limitation, emergency procedure
-5 to -7 -> pax injury, less safety
-7 to -9 -> a lot of safety lost, some pax death
< -9 -> catastrophe, many death and aircraft loss

37
Q

what is reliability

A

probability of survival. made via strictly defined failure criteria

38
Q

how do prob of failure and prob of survival relate

A

F(t) + R(t) = 1

39
Q

relation between failure rate (lambda) and MTBF

A

MTBF = 1/lambda

40
Q

what is the difference between z(t) (hazard rate function and lambda (failure rate)

A

lambda assumes constant hazard rate function

41
Q

what is the maintenence cost driver and how is it calculated

A

MTBUR (mean time between unscheduled removals) = MTBF * FTRR (failure to removal ratio)

42
Q

equations for reliaility and failure in terms of failure rate

A 
R(t) = e^(-lambda * t) 
F(t) = 1-e^(-lambda * t)
43
Q

how to prob of failure and reliability and failure rate combine with systems in series and paralel

A

Series: multiply reliability rates, add failure rates

parallel: multiple failure rate, multiply failure rate

44
Q

How can reliability and faiulre of complex systems be determined?

A 
Reliaility block diagrams of fault tree analysis. (There is software for this).
 Each component (mech and elec) has listed failure rates in documents (Rome 1985 and MIL_HDBK-217.
45
Q

define and classify redundancy

A

redundancy is more means than would be necessary to accomplish a task

homogenous and inhomogenous (multiple means different)

active-active (both normally working. with failure one has heavier load) or active-standby (one working ony. can have hot (actively monitoring) and cold standby )

46
Q

difference between active-active or active-standby?

A

active-active (both normally working. with failure one has heavier load) or active-standby (one working ony. can have hot (actively monitoring) and cold standby ) . Avoid dormant failure by switching primary system

47
Q

what is a common cause failure

A

simultaneous failure from the same event. come from errors in design, operation, maintenance, or the environment,

48
Q

methods to avoid common cause failures in design phase

A 
inhomogenous redundancy
segregation of distributino
software redundancy made by different teams
safety critcal components in safe areas
saparate redundant components
49
Q

what is steady state availability?

A

prob that a system will be available when required.

Ass = MTBF/(MTBF + MTTR)

50
Q

what is dispatch reliability and a method to increase it?

A

Instantaneous availability and moment of dispatch from the gate. Depends on dispatch reliability of systems combined primarily.

BITE (built in test equipment to provide detail failure reporting)
extra redundancy (beyond what is required for cert) ie with flying spares, beyond minimum equipment list
51
Q

what is thte minimum equipment list?

A

The list of subsystems and components which need to be available at time of takeoff) (airline)
master minimum equipment list provided by certification authorities

52
Q

how is reliability assurance performed

A

fault tree analysis or reliability apportionment via top down approach.

failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis via bottom up approach

zonal analysis

53
Q

how is software and environmental reliability dealt with?

A

defy above calculations.
software DO-178B
environment DO-160D

54
Q

which aircraft size has higher percentage system weight of oem?

A

business jet (40%)

larger have 23%

55
Q

ata chapter systems with high and medium mass %

A

high:
32 landing gear
25 equipment and furnishings

medium:
21 aircon
27 flight controls
29 hydraulic power

56
Q

how is comparing masses done?

A

Statistics taken

difficult to compare because of different mass breakdowns

57
Q

what is a main reason to detail system mass calculate

A

cg

58
Q

how do mass predictions progress throughout design

A

statistical
use older aircraft
subcontractor offers item masses of similar components
delivered items of known mass

59
Q

what can mass estimations be used for as well to estimate

A

cost (unless expensive mass saving operations used)

60
Q

what are main secondary power SOURCES?

A

APU -> uses feul, independent from main engines,
RAT -> uses velocity (while consuming PE)
aircraft batteries
ground power (direct ground electricity, HP hydraulic fluid, pressurized air, airconditioned air) (or sometimes just ground electricity and power conversion)

61
Q

one classification of secondary power loads

A

technical (required safe operation)

commercial (required for pax comfort)

62
Q

explain trends in secondary power

A

increasing technical and comercial loads and longer flights require more and more secondary power.

There is not linear potential to collect secondary power (potential deadlock)

possible solution: all powered by electricity

63
Q

what is a tradeoff study and which is the most important factor (and the less important factors)

A

comparison of different system design principles

most: cost
less: safety (certification is boolean) and performance (set in design and over perform is more cost)

64
Q

in terms of operational cost, what are evaluated criteria and what are two ways to approach this?

A

aspects: system cost, maintenence, reliability, mass

methods:
aircraft system level: one weighted sum based on individual criteria
aircraft level: DOC

65
Q

describe the reason for and workings of the system level DOC method

A

C_DOC,SYS = C_dep (depresiation) + C_F (feul comsumed) + C_M (Maintenence) + C_DEL (delays) + C_SH (spare holding)

Aircraft Systems (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions