Introduction - 1.2 Structural Perspectives

Question 1

Define Value Consensus

Answer 1

A common or shared agreement

Question 2

Define Social Interaction

Answer 2

Fitting into society

Question 3

Collective Consciousness

Answer 3

a shared set of cultural beliefs, values, norms and morality which function to unite society.

Question 4

Define Social Solidarity

Answer 4

A feeling of community or social belonging leading to feeling a bond with others

Question 5

Define Biological Analogy

Answer 5

The human body works with the society in a way that it is the sum of all parts working together ensuring good health

Question 6

Define Over-Deterministic

Answer 6

Believing that everything that happens could not happen in any other way.

Question 7

Define Conflict

Answer 7

Disagreement or clash of interest

Question 8

Define Capitalism

Answer 8

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

Question 9

Define Infrastructure

Answer 9

An economic system

Question 10

Define Superstructure

Answer 10

All the cultural and social institutions functioning to transmit capitalist ideology (specifically the idea that the existence of wealth and poverty are justified)

Question 11

Define Bourgeoisie

Answer 11

A socio-economic group owning the means of production and it is responsible for the organisation of capitalism

Question 12

Define Means of Production

Answer 12

Resources that are needed to manufacture a product (eg, capital for investment, raw materials, machinery etc)

Question 13

Define Labour Power

Answer 13

Effort, skill and hours that workers put into the manufacture of a product

Question 14

Define Proletariate

Answer 14

This is the labouring / working class

Question 15

Define Social Relations of Production

Answer 15

This is the relationship between employers and employees

Question 16

Define Surplus Value

Answer 16

When there is an excess of value produced by the workers over the wages they are paid

Question 17

Define Social Class Inequality

Answer 17

This is inequalities that exist between the richest and poorest groups in capitalist society. (Inequalities in income, wealth, political power, life chances, levels of education etc)

Question 18

Define Appropriation

Answer 18

When the labouring class produce something and the capitalist class have a dishonest and unethical seizure of the value / profit

Question 19

Define Bourgeois Ideology

Answer 19

Set of ideas originating around the capitalist class which tries to convince the members of the society of inequality being normal and natural and those who do not succeed in capitalist system deserve it.

Question 20

Define False Class Consciousness

Answer 20

Being unaware of the capitalist system being the organisation to cause the socio-economic position

Question 21

Define Cultural Zombies

Answer 21

Workers who are convinced by the bourgeois ideology they are responsible of their own fate and their social position should be uncritacally accepted

Question 22

Define Status

Answer 22

A social standing / prestige that is attached to certain social roles

Question 23

Define Authority

Answer 23

The power to give others orders, make decisions and enforce obedience that is usually done by a legal source

Question 24

Define Charismatic Personality

Answer 24

Someone with a compelling personality that is able to influence the behaviour of others

Question 25

Define Gender Inequality

Answer 25

Refers to inequalities in wealth, pay, political power, access to certain types of jobs and in the distribution of domestic tasks

Question 26

Define Patriarchy

Answer 26

The male domination of the society and whatever social institutions comprising it

Question 27

Define Black Lives Matter

Answer 27

This is an international activist movement, originating around the African-American community, they are against violence and systemic racism towards black people

Question 28

Define Ethnocentrism

Answer 28

When individuals see the experience of others in the terms of their own culture. They judge other’s cultures as being abnormal and see their own culture as normal

Question 29

Define Intersectionality

Answer 29

Acknowledgement that middle-class white women are not as exploited / unequal as the working-class and those from ethnic minority backgrounds. (held back by poverty, racism and religion)