Introduction - 1.2 Structural Perspectives Flashcards
Define Value Consensus
A common or shared agreement
Define Social Interaction
Fitting into society
Collective Consciousness
a shared set of cultural beliefs, values, norms and morality which function to unite society.
Define Social Solidarity
A feeling of community or social belonging leading to feeling a bond with others
Define Biological Analogy
The human body works with the society in a way that it is the sum of all parts working together ensuring good health
Define Over-Deterministic
Believing that everything that happens could not happen in any other way.
Define Conflict
Disagreement or clash of interest
Define Capitalism
An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.
Define Infrastructure
An economic system
Define Superstructure
All the cultural and social institutions functioning to transmit capitalist ideology (specifically the idea that the existence of wealth and poverty are justified)
Define Bourgeoisie
A socio-economic group owning the means of production and it is responsible for the organisation of capitalism
Define Means of Production
Resources that are needed to manufacture a product (eg, capital for investment, raw materials, machinery etc)
Define Labour Power
Effort, skill and hours that workers put into the manufacture of a product
Define Proletariate
This is the labouring / working class
Define Social Relations of Production
This is the relationship between employers and employees
Define Surplus Value
When there is an excess of value produced by the workers over the wages they are paid
Define Social Class Inequality
This is inequalities that exist between the richest and poorest groups in capitalist society. (Inequalities in income, wealth, political power, life chances, levels of education etc)
Define Appropriation
When the labouring class produce something and the capitalist class have a dishonest and unethical seizure of the value / profit
Define Bourgeois Ideology
Set of ideas originating around the capitalist class which tries to convince the members of the society of inequality being normal and natural and those who do not succeed in capitalist system deserve it.
Define False Class Consciousness
Being unaware of the capitalist system being the organisation to cause the socio-economic position
Define Cultural Zombies
Workers who are convinced by the bourgeois ideology they are responsible of their own fate and their social position should be uncritacally accepted
Define Status
A social standing / prestige that is attached to certain social roles
Define Authority
The power to give others orders, make decisions and enforce obedience that is usually done by a legal source
Define Charismatic Personality
Someone with a compelling personality that is able to influence the behaviour of others
Define Gender Inequality
Refers to inequalities in wealth, pay, political power, access to certain types of jobs and in the distribution of domestic tasks
Define Patriarchy
The male domination of the society and whatever social institutions comprising it
Define Black Lives Matter
This is an international activist movement, originating around the African-American community, they are against violence and systemic racism towards black people
Define Ethnocentrism
When individuals see the experience of others in the terms of their own culture. They judge other’s cultures as being abnormal and see their own culture as normal
Define Intersectionality
Acknowledgement that middle-class white women are not as exploited / unequal as the working-class and those from ethnic minority backgrounds. (held back by poverty, racism and religion)
