introduction Flashcards
psychology
the science of behavior and mental processes
positive psychology
a field of research that focuses on people’s positive eperriences and characteristics
biological psychologists
psychologists who analyze the biological factors influencing behavior and mental processes
cognitive psychologists
psychologists who study the mental processes underlying judgmen, decision making, problem solving, imaging and other aspects of human thought or cognition
engineering psychologists
a field in which psychologists study human factors in the use of equipment and help designers create better versions of that equipment
developmental psychologists
psychologists who seek to understand, describe and explore how behavior and mental processes change over a lifetime
personality psychologists
psychologists who study the characteristics that make individuals similar or diffrent form one another
clinical and counseling psychologists
psychologists who seek to assess, understand and change abnormal behavior
community psychologists
psychologists who work to obtain psychological services for people in need of help and to prevent psychological disorders by working for changes in social systems
health psychologists
psychologists who study the effects of behavior and mental processes on health and illness and vice versa
educcational psychologists
psychologists who study methods by which instructors teach and students learn and who apply their results to improving those methodes
schoolpsychologists
psychologists who test IQ’s, diagnose students’ academic problems, and set up programs to improve students’ achievements
social psychologists
psychologists who study how people influence one another’s behavior and mental processes, individually and in groups
industrial and organizational psychologists
psychologists who study ways to improve efficienct, productivity and satisfaction among workers and the organizations that employ them
quantitive psychologists
psychologists who develop and use statistical tools to analyze research data
sport psychologists
psychologists who explore the relationship between athletic perfomance and such psychological variables as motivation and emotion
forensic psychologists
psychologists who assist in jury selection, evaluate defendants’ mental competence to stand trial, and deal with other issues involving psychology and the law
environmental psychologists
psychologists who study the effects of the physical environment on behavior and mentaal processes
neuroscience
the scientific study of all levels of the nervouw system, including neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neurology, neurophysiology and neuropharmacology
consciousness
the awareness of external stimuli and our own mental activity
biological approach
an approach in psychology in which behavior and behavior disorders are seen as the results of physical processes, especially those relating to the brain and to hormones and other chemicals
natural selection
the evolutionary mechanism through which Darwin said the fittest individuals survive to reproduce
evolurionary approach
an approach to psychology that emphasizes the inherited, adaptive aspects of behavior and mental processes
psychodynamic approach
a view developed by Freud that emphasizes the interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thought, feelings and behavior
behavioral approach
an approach to psychology emphasizing that human behavior is determined mainly by what a person has learned, especially from rewards and punishments
cognitve approach
a way of looking at human behavior that emphasies research on how the brain takes in information, creates perceptions, forms and retrieves memories, processes information and generates integrated patterns of action
humanistic approach
a perspective to psychology that focuses on how each person has a unique capacity to choose how to think and act
sociocultural factors
social identity and other background factors
culture
the accumulation of values, rules of behavior, forms of expression, religious beliefs, occupational choices, and the like for a group who share a common language and environment
