introduction

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

the science of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

positive psychology

Answer 2

a field of research that focuses on people’s positive eperriences and characteristics

Question 3

biological psychologists

Answer 3

psychologists who analyze the biological factors influencing behavior and mental processes

Question 4

cognitive psychologists

Answer 4

psychologists who study the mental processes underlying judgmen, decision making, problem solving, imaging and other aspects of human thought or cognition

Question 5

engineering psychologists

Answer 5

a field in which psychologists study human factors in the use of equipment and help designers create better versions of that equipment

Question 6

developmental psychologists

Answer 6

psychologists who seek to understand, describe and explore how behavior and mental processes change over a lifetime

Question 7

personality psychologists

Answer 7

psychologists who study the characteristics that make individuals similar or diffrent form one another

Question 8

clinical and counseling psychologists

Answer 8

psychologists who seek to assess, understand and change abnormal behavior

Question 9

community psychologists

Answer 9

psychologists who work to obtain psychological services for people in need of help and to prevent psychological disorders by working for changes in social systems

Question 10

health psychologists

Answer 10

psychologists who study the effects of behavior and mental processes on health and illness and vice versa

Question 11

educcational psychologists

Answer 11

psychologists who study methods by which instructors teach and students learn and who apply their results to improving those methodes

Question 12

schoolpsychologists

Answer 12

psychologists who test IQ’s, diagnose students’ academic problems, and set up programs to improve students’ achievements

Question 13

social psychologists

Answer 13

psychologists who study how people influence one another’s behavior and mental processes, individually and in groups

Question 14

industrial and organizational psychologists

Answer 14

psychologists who study ways to improve efficienct, productivity and satisfaction among workers and the organizations that employ them

Question 15

quantitive psychologists

Answer 15

psychologists who develop and use statistical tools to analyze research data

Question 16

sport psychologists

Answer 16

psychologists who explore the relationship between athletic perfomance and such psychological variables as motivation and emotion

Question 17

forensic psychologists

Answer 17

psychologists who assist in jury selection, evaluate defendants’ mental competence to stand trial, and deal with other issues involving psychology and the law

Question 18

environmental psychologists

Answer 18

psychologists who study the effects of the physical environment on behavior and mentaal processes

Question 19

neuroscience

Answer 19

the scientific study of all levels of the nervouw system, including neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neurology, neurophysiology and neuropharmacology

Question 20

consciousness

Answer 20

the awareness of external stimuli and our own mental activity

Question 21

biological approach

Answer 21

an approach in psychology in which behavior and behavior disorders are seen as the results of physical processes, especially those relating to the brain and to hormones and other chemicals

Question 22

natural selection

Answer 22

the evolutionary mechanism through which Darwin said the fittest individuals survive to reproduce

Question 23

evolurionary approach

Answer 23

an approach to psychology that emphasizes the inherited, adaptive aspects of behavior and mental processes

Question 24

psychodynamic approach

Answer 24

a view developed by Freud that emphasizes the interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thought, feelings and behavior

Question 25

behavioral approach

Answer 25

an approach to psychology emphasizing that human behavior is determined mainly by what a person has learned, especially from rewards and punishments

Question 26

cognitve approach

Answer 26

a way of looking at human behavior that emphasies research on how the brain takes in information, creates perceptions, forms and retrieves memories, processes information and generates integrated patterns of action

Question 27

humanistic approach

Answer 27

a perspective to psychology that focuses on how each person has a unique capacity to choose how to think and act

Question 28

sociocultural factors

Answer 28

social identity and other background factors

Question 29

culture

Answer 29

the accumulation of values, rules of behavior, forms of expression, religious beliefs, occupational choices, and the like for a group who share a common language and environment