Intro to Toxicology and General Principles of Drug Interaction

Question 0

[T/F] The organ in which a chemical is most highly concentrated is always the organ where most tissue damage occurs.

Answer 0

F

Question 1

Differentiate subacute, subchronic and chronic exposure

Answer 1

SUBACUTE: repeated daily dose exposure for <1mo, low dose, SS within 21 days
SUBCHRONIC: repeated daily dose exposure for 90days, low dose
CHRONIC: lifetime exposure, can result in cancer, edocrine and teratogenic effects

Question 2

[T/F] Blood brain barrier will not work when there is hypoglycemia and acidosis.

Answer 2

T

Question 3

[T/F] In acidic urine pH, weakly acidic drugs are ionized and trapped in the kidney tubules.

Answer 3

F.

Weakly basic drugs are ionized and trapped when urine is acidic

Question 4

Stages in development of toxicity

Answer 4

Delivery ➡️ Interaction with target molecule ➡️ cellular dysfunction, injury ➡️ dysrepair

Question 5

Stages of development of toxicity: ethylene glycol is converted to oxalic acid by oxidation

Answer 5

Delivery (toxication, biotransformation)

Question 6

Cellular maintenance: impaired internal maintenance [3]

Answer 6

Impaired ATP synthesis
Oxidative stress
Impaired membrane function

Question 7

Cellular maintenance: impaired external maintenance

Answer 7

Support system of cells, tissues, organs

Synthesis of coagulation factors affected

Question 8

Type of drug interaction: some drugs might be broken down when administered in syringes made of polyvinyl chloride plastics

Answer 8

Pharmaceutical

Question 9

Drug interaction at the drug receptor, e.g. Antagonism at the same site

Answer 9

Pharmacodynamic, pharmacologic