Developmental Pharmacology Flashcards
[T/F] Acid-labile drugs are absorbed by neonates during first day of life.
T.
gastric pH is alkaline at birth, falls to 1-3 after 24hrs, rise again during next 9-12 days
[T/F] Gastric emptying time is the same adults and in neonates/infants.
F.
Until 6th-8th month of life, gastric emptying time is delayed
[T/F] There is decrease absorption of IM/SQ of morphine and aminoglycosides in neonates.
F.
Absorption is erratic in neonates
[T/F] Skin testing to detect allergies in a 2-week old baby will yield accurate results.
F.
Histamine is absent in neonatal skin until 3rd week
[T/F] Lipophilic drugs have higher Vd in premature neonates.
T.
Higher ECF volume
How does plasma protein binding affect drug distribution in newborns?
Lower levels of most proteins –> Reduced protein binding –> higher Vd
Drug metabolizing enzymes that are not present in newborns.
CYP1A2, UGT2B7
Most abundant CYP enzyme in fetus
CYP3A7
[T/F] Glucuronidation is predominant in acetaminophen metabolism in children <3y/o.
F.
Sulfation is predominant - protective against liver toxicity because not a lot of NAPQI is produced
[T/F] More than 50% of theophylline is metabolized to caffeine in premature neonates.
F.
More than 50% is excreted unchanged
[T/F] The renal excretion of drugs in 8-12 month old infants is comparable with that observed in children and adults.
T
Pediatric-specific ADR: Furosemide
nephrocalcinosis
Pediatric-specific ADR: Indomethacin
EF, bowel perforation
Pediatric-specific ADR: adrenocorticoids
delayed development, growth suppression
Pediatric-specific ADR: tetracycline
discolored teeth
