Intro to the nervous system

Question 1

nervous system

Answer 1

Respond quickly to stimuli but short-lived, using action potentials and neurotransmitters

*wire system

Question 2

endocrine system

Answer 2

Respond slowly but long lasting, by secreting hormones into the circulatory system that travel to the target tissue

*wireless system

Question 3

what are the 6 different nervous systems?

Answer 3

1. central nervous system (CNS)
2. peripheral nervous system (PRN)
3. autonomic nervous system (ANS)
4. somatic nervous system (SNS)
5. sympathetic nervous system
6. parasympathetic nervous system

5 & 6 are ANS

Question 4

CNS`

Answer 4

central nervous system
- brain and spinal cord
- Receives sensory input vis PNS sensory
nerves
- Processes/interprets sensory input
(interneurons)
- Sends response to effectors (muscles, gland)
via motor nerves

Question 5

PRN

Answer 5

peripheral nervous system
- Cranial and spinal nerves extending from brain and spinal cord
- Connects CNS to entire body

Question 6

ANS

Answer 6

autonomic nervous system
- Cranial and spinal nerves connecting CNS
to heart, stomach, intestine and gland
- Control unconscious activities

has 2 parts….

Question 7

SNS

Answer 7

somatic nervous system
- Cranial and spinal nerves connecting CNS to skin and skeletal muscle
- Oversees conscious activities

Question 8

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

• Increases heart rate, bronchiole dilation, blood
  glucose, blood to skeletal muscle, bladder
• Decreases digestion, pupil size, urinary output

“Fight or flight”
“thoracolumbar”

Question 9

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 9

• Decreases heart rate, bronchiole dilation, blood glucose, blood to skeletal muscle, bladder
• Increases digestion, pupil size, urinary output

“Rest and digest”
“craniosacral”

Question 10

what nervous system is responsible for homeostatsis?

Answer 10

ANS (autonomic nervous system)

Question 11

sensory nerves vs motor nerves

Answer 11

sensory nerves: carry messages from body to brain

motor nerves: carry messages from brain to body

Question 12

neurons

Answer 12

• amitotic = do not divide
• do not touch (gap between neurons are called synapse)
• conduct nerve impulses

Question 13

nerves

Answer 13

• a group of neurons form a nerve
• 3 types of nerves: efferent, afferent, mixed nerves
• found in PNS
• transmits information in various parts of the body

Question 14

what are the 3 structures of neurons?

Answer 14

1. unipolar
   - Single process extends from cell body
   - outside of brain and spinal cord
2. bipolar
   - 2 processes (1 from each end of cell body)
   - ears, eyes, nose
3. multipolar
   - Many processes arising from cell body
   - brain and spinal cord

Question 15

what are the 3 functions of neurons?

Answer 15

1. sensory neurons
2. interneurons
3. motor neurons

Question 16

sensory neurons

Answer 16

specialized receptor ends that sense stimulus and then carry impulses from the peripheral body parts to the brain or spinal cord. Can be unipolar or bipolar

(afferent)

Question 17

interneurons

Answer 17

entirely within the brain or spinal cord; direct incoming sensory impulses to appropriate parts for processing & interpreting

multipolar

Question 18

motor neurons

Answer 18

carry impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors

( muscles, glands) (efferent)
multipolar

Question 19

glial cells

Answer 19

supporting cells of the nervous system. Make up half of the volume of the vertebrae brain and outnumber neurons

Question 20

astrocytes

Answer 20

provide support between neurons and capillaries

Question 21

Microglial cells

Answer 21

CNS phagocytic cell, macrophage like

Question 22

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 22

CNS, produce myelin sheaths in CNS

Question 23

Ependymal cells

Answer 23

line cavities in CNS, produce & help circulate CSF

Question 24

Schwann cells

Answer 24

create the myelin sheaths in PNS

Question 25

myelin sheath

Answer 25

• Covering of lipid material often found on axons, insulates axons, and speeds nerve impulse transmission
• Produced in the CNS by oligodendrocytes, in the PNS by schwann cells

Question 26

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 26

gaps between schwann cells, important in the nerve impulse condition

Question 27

Review parts of the brain!

Answer 27

review parts of the brain!

Question 28

review parts of the neuron!

Answer 28

review parts of the neuron!

Question 29

MEMORIZE ALL CRANIAL NERVES

Answer 29

SENSORY & MOTOR