Autonomic NS

Question 1

Ganglion

Answer 1

a collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the central nervous system

Question 2

ANS

Answer 2

autonomic nervous system

• Regulation of heart rate
• Regulation of vascular constriction/dilation
• Pupil and lens ocular reflexes
• Exocrine gland secretion
• Glucose mobilization

*IMPORTANT for homeostasis

Question 3

sympathetic

Answer 3

• Prepares the body for rapid, intense activity = FIGHT - OR - FLIGHT REACTION
• Responses include accelerated heartbeat, central artery constriction, peripheral vascular dilation, liver glycogen metabolism, rapid breathing
• Work as a balance for parasympathetic
• nervous system comes out of CNS via thoracic through lumbar regions of the spinal cord

Question 4

parasympathetic

Answer 4

• REST - AND - DIGEST STATE
• Visceral targets receive both sympathetic & parasympathetic neuronal inputs
• nervous system exits the CNS via cranial nerves and nerves exiting the spinal cord at the sacral level

Question 5

short preganglionic

Answer 5

• sympathetic neurons, leave the spinal cord and synapse with sympathetic chain ganglia outside of the spinal cord
• Long postganglionic neurons innervate the targets

Question 6

long preganglionic

Answer 6

• parasympathetic neurons leave the brains or the sacrum and synapse with the parasympathetic ganglia located right outside the target tissue
• Short postganglionic neuron innervates the target tissue

Question 7

Cholinergic neurons: release choline (Ach)

Answer 7

• All sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
• All parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
• Sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate mostly sweat glands

Question 8

Cholinergic receptors

Answer 8

• Nicotinic receptors are present in postganglionic neurons and motor endplate
• Muscarinic receptors are present in membrane of all effectors (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands)

Question 9

Adrenergic neurons

Answer 9

release norepinephrine (NE), sympathetic neuron

Question 10

Adrenergic receptors

Answer 10

alpha and beta receptors are on visceral effectors

Α1 and B1 excitatory
A2 and B2 inhibitory
B3 is on brown adipose tissue and involved in thermogenesis

Question 11

Epinephrine

Answer 11

works on both alpha and beta receptors

• also called adrenaline

Question 12

norepinephrine

Answer 12

works on alpha receptors

• can also narrow blood vessels, increasing blood pressure

*also known as noradrenaline

Question 13

epinephrine & norepinephrine

Answer 13

• 2 neurotransmitters that also serves as hormones (catecholamine)
• Chemically they are similar
• Both can increase heart, blood sugar levels, and blood vessels

*both used in emergency medicine

Question 14

where are beta and alpha receptors found within the body?

Answer 14

beta receptors: heart, lungs, and arteries of the skeletal muscle

alpha receptors: arteries

Question 15

________ involves using neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine while _________ involves acetylcholine.

adrenergic or cholinergic

Answer 15

Adrenergic involves using neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine while cholinergic involves acetylcholine

Question 16

________ is called sympathetic line (fight or flight response) while ___________ is called parasympathetic line (digest and rest)

adrenergic or cholinergic

Answer 16

Adrenergic is called sympathetic line (fight or flight response) while cholinergic is called parasympathetic line (digest and rest)

Question 17

_________ line involves alpha and beta receptors, while __________ line involves nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

adrenergic or cholinergic

Answer 17

Adrenergic line involves alpha and beta receptors, while cholinergic line involves nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Question 18

Sympathomimetics

Answer 18

mimic/agonist sympathetic function

Question 19

Sympatholytic

Answer 19

block/antagonist sympathetic function

Question 20

Parasympathomimetics

Answer 20

mimic/agonist parasympathetic function

Question 21

Parasympatholytic

Answer 21

block/antagonist parasympathetic function

Question 22

atenolo

Answer 22

decreases blood pressure

Question 23

Albuterol

Answer 23

opens the airways, heart failure

Question 24

Parasympathetic division is known as______?

Thoracolumbar
Craniosacral

Answer 24

craniosacral

Question 25

Epinephrine binds to _____?

Adrenergic receptors
Muscarinic receptors
Ninotecteric receptors

Answer 25

adrenergic receptors

Question 26

The effector organs for the somatic motor nervous system are _______.

Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Glands
Skeletal muscle

Answer 26

skeletal muscle