Intro to the Dairy Industry

Question 1

What is the goal of the dairy industry?

Answer 1

Production of milk and other dairy products

Question 2

Dairy cattle typically perform best in…

Answer 2

Cool, dry weather

Question 3

What are the top 5 dairy states?

Answer 3

-California
-Wisconsion
-Texas
-Idaho
-New York

Question 4

The top 5 states produce what % of the US’s milk annually?

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

Milk is sold by…

Answer 5

Volume

Question 6

Milk is priced by…

Answer 6

Hundredweight

Question 7

1 Hundredweight is equal to…

Answer 7

100lbs of milk/ ~12 gallons

Question 8

Producers are paid a premium on…

Answer 8

-Solids (butter and fat)
-Quality of product

Question 9

What is done to commercial milk products?

Answer 9

-Pasteurized
-Homogenized
-Vitamin D added

Question 10

What is pasteurization?

Answer 10

Milk is heated to a temperature that kills pathogenic/disease-causing bacteria

Question 11

What is the homogenization of milk?

Answer 11

Milk is mixed so that fat globules are broken into smaller particles so fat (cream) doesn’t separate out

Question 12

Why is vitamin D added back into milk?

Answer 12

-The natural vitamin D in milk is broken down by pasteurization
-Necessary for calcium absorption by the body

Question 13

What is grade A milk used for?

Answer 13

Direct sale for consumption (fluid milk for drinking)

Question 14

What is grade B milk used for?

Answer 14

Indirect sale for consumption to be used in manufactured products (cheese)

Question 15

What are the requirements for grade-A milk?

Answer 15

-Must be cooled to 45 degrees F or less within 2 hours of collection
-Blended temperature after milking must not exceed 50 degrees F
-Cannot exceed a bacterial count of 100,000 per mL
-After the milk is collected from several producers and mixed, bacterial count cannot exceed 300,000 per mL
-Milk cannot exceed 750,000 somatic cells per mL
-No detectable antibiotics

Question 16

Milk is composed of…

Answer 16

-90% water
-Fat
-Protien
-Carbs
-Minerals
-Vitamins

Question 17

How much fat is in whole milk?

Answer 17

3.5%

Question 18

How much fat is in 2% milk?

Answer 18

2%

Question 19

How much fat is in 1% milk?

Answer 19

1%

Question 20

How much fat is in skim milk?

Answer 20

Less than 0.5%

Question 21

How much fat is in cream?

Answer 21

35-38%

Question 22

What are the solids in milk?

Answer 22

-Carbs
-Protein
-Fat
-Vitamins
-Minerals

Question 23

What is the main carb in milk?

Answer 23

Lactulose

Question 24

What is the main protein found in milk?

Answer 24

Casein

Question 25

What is casein?

Answer 25

A high-quality protein that contains all the amino acids required by humans

Question 26

What is special about the fat in milk?

Answer 26

Contains fat-soluble vitamins

Question 27

What are the vitamins in milk?

Answer 27

-Fat-soluble A, D, E, K
-Some B vitamins found in the water portion

Question 28

What is the mineral composition in milk?

Answer 28

-Milk is a major source of calcium
-Good source of phosphorus and zinc
-Small amount of iron

Question 29

What allows milk to be organic/ USDA organic certified?

Answer 29

-Cows are given feed growth without the use of pesticides and fertilizers
-Cows are given periodic access to pasture
-Cows are not treated with supplemental hormones
-Cows are given specific mediations to treat illness

Question 30

What is the growth hormone rbST?

Answer 30

-Recombinant bovine somatotrophin
-Synthetic growth hormone
-Increases milk production

Question 31

The overall dairy trends are…

Answer 31

-More focused on grade-A milk
-The amount of milk produced per cow had increased
-The number of dairy farms has decreased
-Overall consumption of dairy and dairy products has declined (except cheese)
-Location of dairy farms has shifted from the midwest to the southwest