Intro to the Dairy Industry Flashcards
What is the goal of the dairy industry?
Production of milk and other dairy products
Dairy cattle typically perform best in…
Cool, dry weather
What are the top 5 dairy states?
-California
-Wisconsion
-Texas
-Idaho
-New York
The top 5 states produce what % of the US’s milk annually?
50%
Milk is sold by…
Volume
Milk is priced by…
Hundredweight
1 Hundredweight is equal to…
100lbs of milk/ ~12 gallons
Producers are paid a premium on…
-Solids (butter and fat)
-Quality of product
What is done to commercial milk products?
-Pasteurized
-Homogenized
-Vitamin D added
What is pasteurization?
Milk is heated to a temperature that kills pathogenic/disease-causing bacteria
What is the homogenization of milk?
Milk is mixed so that fat globules are broken into smaller particles so fat (cream) doesn’t separate out
Why is vitamin D added back into milk?
-The natural vitamin D in milk is broken down by pasteurization
-Necessary for calcium absorption by the body
What is grade A milk used for?
Direct sale for consumption (fluid milk for drinking)
What is grade B milk used for?
Indirect sale for consumption to be used in manufactured products (cheese)
What are the requirements for grade-A milk?
-Must be cooled to 45 degrees F or less within 2 hours of collection
-Blended temperature after milking must not exceed 50 degrees F
-Cannot exceed a bacterial count of 100,000 per mL
-After the milk is collected from several producers and mixed, bacterial count cannot exceed 300,000 per mL
-Milk cannot exceed 750,000 somatic cells per mL
-No detectable antibiotics
Milk is composed of…
-90% water
-Fat
-Protien
-Carbs
-Minerals
-Vitamins
How much fat is in whole milk?
3.5%
How much fat is in 2% milk?
2%
How much fat is in 1% milk?
1%
How much fat is in skim milk?
Less than 0.5%
How much fat is in cream?
35-38%
What are the solids in milk?
-Carbs
-Protein
-Fat
-Vitamins
-Minerals
What is the main carb in milk?
Lactulose
What is the main protein found in milk?
Casein
What is casein?
A high-quality protein that contains all the amino acids required by humans
What is special about the fat in milk?
Contains fat-soluble vitamins
What are the vitamins in milk?
-Fat-soluble A, D, E, K
-Some B vitamins found in the water portion
What is the mineral composition in milk?
-Milk is a major source of calcium
-Good source of phosphorus and zinc
-Small amount of iron
What allows milk to be organic/ USDA organic certified?
-Cows are given feed growth without the use of pesticides and fertilizers
-Cows are given periodic access to pasture
-Cows are not treated with supplemental hormones
-Cows are given specific mediations to treat illness
What is the growth hormone rbST?
-Recombinant bovine somatotrophin
-Synthetic growth hormone
-Increases milk production
The overall dairy trends are…
-More focused on grade-A milk
-The amount of milk produced per cow had increased
-The number of dairy farms has decreased
-Overall consumption of dairy and dairy products has declined (except cheese)
-Location of dairy farms has shifted from the midwest to the southwest
